MARC details
| 000 -LEADER |
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| fixed length control field |
56911nam a22002417a 4500 |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
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| control field |
VITAP |
| 005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION |
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| control field |
20240507124348.0 |
| 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION |
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230531b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER |
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| International Standard Book Number |
9789390735815 |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
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| Transcribing agency |
VITAP |
| 082 ## - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER |
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| Edition number |
23rd |
| Classification number |
346.54082 CHA |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
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| 9 (RLIN) |
12123 |
| Personal name |
Chaudhary, Ram Narash |
| 245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT |
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| Title |
Banking Laws : |
| Remainder of title |
The Banking Regulation Act, 1949; Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934; The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881; and Law of Dishonour of Cheques / |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. |
Ram Narash Chaudhary and Suman Lata Chaudhary |
| 250 ## - EDITION STATEMENT |
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| Edition statement |
5th Ed. |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. |
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| Place of publication, distribution, etc. |
Prayagraj |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. |
Central Law Publications |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. |
2024 |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION |
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| Extent |
lx, 872p. : ill. ; 24cm |
| 504 ## - BIBLIOGRAPHY, ETC. NOTE |
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| Bibliography, etc. note |
It includes Preface, ConAnnexure and Index Pages.<br/><br/>Description:<br/><br/>The book has been revised and updated with all latest judicial decisions and with banking developments. The latest Amendment 2020 of the Banking Regulation, 1949 and Amendment of 2018 and 2019 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 have been incorporated. Some salient features of this edition are inclusion of Virtual Currency (VC) in light of the judgment of the Supreme Court in Internet and Mobile Association of India v. Reserve Bank of India, AIR 2021 SC 2720. The most illustrious case on locker’s facility provided by the bank and its liability thereof decided by the Supreme Court in Amitabh Dasgupta v. United Bank of India, AIR 2021 SC 1193. As to dishonour of Cheques has been updated specially mention of in Re : expeditious trial of cases under Section 138 of N.I. Act, AIR 2021 SC 1957. This case deals with staying of proceedings under Section 138, quashing of proceedings of dishonour of cheques under Section 482 of Cr.P.C. This case also establishes principle of law that Consumer Courts have no inherent power either to review or recall order of issuance of process. In P. Mohan Raj v. M/s. Shah Brothers Ispat (P) Ltd., AIR 2021 SC 1308, proceedings under Section 142 has been termed as Quasi Criminal Proceedings. As to joint liability, the recent notable case is Alka Khandu v. Amar Shyam Prasad, AIR 2021 SC 1616. Insertion of Section 143-A providing interim compensation "to the complainant" and Section 148 providing "Power of Appellate Court to order payment pending appeal against conviction" in furtherance of aims and object of the Act. These two sections support compensatory justice in dishonour of cheques. |
| 521 ## - TARGET AUDIENCE NOTE |
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| Target audience note |
Table of Contents:<br/><br/>BANKING REGULATION ACT<br/><br/>Early History of Banking<br/><br/>History of Banking in India<br/><br/>The Presidency Banks<br/><br/>Banking Control in India<br/><br/>Law Merchants<br/><br/>The Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881<br/><br/>The Bankers’ Books Evidence Act, 1891<br/><br/>The Indian Companies Act, 1913<br/><br/>The Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934<br/><br/>Industrial Re-Construction Bank of India (IRBI)<br/><br/>Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI)<br/><br/>Objectives<br/><br/>Main functions of IDBI<br/><br/>IDBI’s role as a catalyst<br/><br/>Schemes of Assistance<br/><br/>Regional Rural Banks (RRB)<br/><br/>SECURITY AND EXCHANGE BOARD OF INDIA (SEBI)<br/><br/>DEPOSITORY SYSTEM<br/><br/>Depository<br/><br/>Benefits of depository services<br/><br/>DEMATERIALISATION (DEMAT)<br/><br/>What is dematerialisation<br/><br/>Depository and its role<br/><br/>Depository participants (DPs) and their role<br/><br/>Rematerialisation<br/><br/>Benefit<br/><br/>MONEY LAUNDERING<br/><br/>Essential elements of money laundering<br/><br/>Legal set up in India<br/><br/>Role of banks<br/><br/>Offences and punishment<br/><br/>Bill to curb money laundering<br/><br/>The Banking Regulation Act, 1949<br/><br/>Main provisions of the Act<br/><br/><br/>Origin of the word "Bank"<br/><br/>Definition : "Bank"<br/><br/>Statutory Definition<br/><br/>Banking Company<br/><br/>"Banks" and "Banking Companies" : Distinction<br/><br/>Exception of banking company<br/><br/>Accepting of deposits by unincorporated companies etc.<br/><br/>Approved Securities<br/><br/>Business of banking (Section 6)<br/><br/>Non-banking business<br/><br/>"Banker"<br/><br/>No satisfactory definition<br/><br/>Money lenders are not banker<br/><br/>Difference between banking and money lending<br/><br/>Who can be a Banker or Bank<br/><br/>I. Section 3 of Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881<br/><br/>II. Section 11 of the Companies Act, 1956<br/><br/>III. The Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934<br/><br/>IV. The Banking Regulation Act, 1949<br/><br/>Mere accepting deposit is not Banking<br/><br/>Essentials of Banking Company<br/><br/>Restriction on acceptance of deposits<br/><br/>Banking business by Co-operative Societies : S. 56(o) read with S. 22<br/><br/>Money Lender not a Banker<br/><br/>Financial Institutions as a banker<br/><br/>Is Co-operative Banks or Co-operative Societies are Banking Company Under Section 5(c)?<br/><br/>Application of the Act (Banking Regulation Act) to Co-operative Banks<br/><br/>TO WHICH CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES THE ACT DOES NOT APPLY?<br/><br/>Name of the Banking Company<br/><br/>Restrictions on use of "banker", "bank" and "banking" (Section 7) Exceptions<br/><br/>Application to Co-operative Society (Section 7)<br/><br/>RBI Circular binding on Co-operative Societies<br/><br/>Social Control of the Banking Companies<br/><br/>Two Significant Event<br/><br/>1) Social Control of the Banking Companies<br/><br/>History<br/><br/>Social Control<br/><br/>National Credit Council<br/><br/>Functions of N.C.C.<br/><br/>(2) Nationalisation of Banking Companies<br/><br/>I. First Phase of 14 Banks<br/><br/>II. Second Phase of six banks<br/><br/>Objects of Nationalisation<br/><br/>Why Nationalisation was preferred in spite of Social Control?<br/><br/>Nationalisation : Unconstitutional<br/><br/>"Rustam Cawasjee Cooper v. Union of India"—(Bank Nationalisation Case)<br/><br/>Ordinance Replaced : Validity of Nationalisation Upheld<br/><br/>Arguments for Nationalisation<br/><br/>Arguments against Nationalisation of banks<br/><br/>Reserve Bank’s policy on New Banks<br/><br/>Reserve Bank on Rural Banking<br/><br/>Minimising the Number of Banks (Planning of keeping only 7 Nationalised Banks)<br/><br/>Powers and Functions of Reserve Bank<br/><br/>1. As to Reserve Fund (S. 17)<br/><br/>2. As to cash reserve (S. 18)<br/><br/>2a. As to ‘repo’ and ‘reverse repo’ rate—See Sec. 12-AB of R.B.I. Act<br/><br/>3. As to loans and advances (S. 20)<br/><br/>4. As to licensing of banking companies (S. 22)<br/><br/>5. As to opening of new, transfer of existing, place of business etc. (S. 23)<br/><br/>6. As to maintenance of a percentage of assets (Ss. 24, 25)<br/><br/>7. As to monthly return, accounts and balance sheet<br/><br/>8. As to inspection (Power of Reserve Bank) (S. 35)<br/><br/>9. Power of the Reserve Bank to give direction (S. 35-A)<br/><br/>10. Further powers and functions of Reserve Bank (S. 36)<br/><br/>11. Power of control over management<br/><br/>12. Supersession of Board of Directors of Banking Company.<br/><br/>13. Acquisition of undertaking of Banking Companies (S. 36AE)<br/><br/>14. Power as to Suspension and winding up of Banking Companies (Ss. 36-B, 37 to 45) and (Ss. 45-A to 45-X)<br/><br/>15. Power as to Reconstruction and Amalgamation of Banking Companies (S. 44-A, 44-B, S. 45)<br/><br/>16. As agent of the Central Government or the State— See in RBI.<br/><br/>Commercial Banks<br/><br/>(A) Indian Banks and Foreign Banks<br/><br/>Foreign Banks in India<br/><br/>A new deal for Foreign Banks<br/><br/>The major theme<br/><br/>Origin of policy<br/><br/>(B) Scheduled Commercial Banks and Non-Scheduled Commercial Banks<br/><br/>Scheduled Commercial Banks<br/><br/>Conditions for inclusion in 2nd Schedule<br/><br/>Privileges and Facilities of Scheduled Banks<br/><br/>(C) Commercial Banks in Public and Private Sector<br/><br/>Public Sector Banks (PSBs)<br/><br/>Private Sector Banks<br/><br/>Private Sector Banks in India<br/><br/>Autonomy For Commercial Banks<br/><br/>Parameters for additional autonomy<br/><br/>Banking Company : Legal States<br/><br/>State of Public Authority<br/><br/>Guidelines for New Private Banks<br/><br/>Functions of Commercial Banks<br/><br/>I. Essential/Primary Functions<br/><br/>II. Subsidiary Functions<br/><br/>III. Miscellaneous Functions Services<br/><br/>(1) Accepting of Deposits<br/><br/>(2) Lending of Money<br/><br/>(3) Issuing of Notes<br/><br/>(4) Remittance of Funds<br/><br/>(5) Use of Cheque<br/><br/>(6) Agencies Services<br/><br/>(7) General Utility Services : Community<br/><br/>(8) General Utility Services<br/><br/>(9) International Banking Services<br/><br/>(10) Merchant Banking Services<br/><br/>PARA-BANKING ACTIVITIES/SERVICES<br/><br/> What are para-banking activities/services?<br/><br/> Purpose of formation of subsidiary companies<br/><br/> Para Banking Companies : N.B.F.C.<br/><br/> Foreign Exchange business/Services<br/><br/>New banking facility for urban slum dwellers in Bhopal<br/><br/>Step to promote IT-enabled financial inclusion package<br/><br/>Licensing of Banking Companies<br/><br/>(1) Necessity of License<br/><br/>At the Commencement of the Act<br/><br/>(2) Procedure of License<br/><br/>(3) Condition for license : [Section 22(3)1<br/><br/>(4) Cancellation of License : Section 22(4)<br/><br/>(5) Appeal and remedy against cancellation [Section 22(5)]<br/><br/>Banking Licence to Postal Department<br/><br/>Unlicensed Banking<br/><br/>Opening of New Branches and Transfer of Existing Place of Business : (Section 23)<br/><br/>Exception<br/><br/>1. Temporary New Branch<br/><br/>2. Change of place of business<br/><br/>Conditions for granting permission [Section 23(2)]<br/><br/>Revocation of permission [Section 23(4)]<br/><br/>Place of business<br/><br/>Restrictions on Opening of New Branches by Co-operative Societies<br/><br/>R.B.I. Circular is binding<br/><br/>Liability of Reserve Bank<br/><br/>LIBERALISED BRANCH AUTHORISATION POLICY<br/><br/>OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES OF BRANCH LICENSING<br/><br/>System of Banking<br/><br/>(1) Central Banking<br/><br/>(2) Unit Banking<br/><br/>Advantage of Unit Banking<br/><br/>Disadvantages of Unit Banking<br/><br/>(3) Branch Banking<br/><br/>(4) Group Banking<br/><br/>(5) Chain Banking<br/><br/>Proxy Banking in India<br/><br/>Reasons for setting-up of Proxy Banking<br/><br/>Benefits to rurals<br/><br/>(6) Merchant Banking Service<br/><br/>Banker’s Merchant Bankers<br/><br/>(7) Universal Banking<br/><br/>Objective<br/><br/>RBI guidelines on Universal Banking<br/><br/>(8) Narrow Banking<br/><br/>What is narrow banking?<br/><br/>What are advantages<br/><br/>What is status of narrow banking in India?<br/><br/>(9) Retail Banking<br/><br/>Background<br/><br/>Basic characteristics<br/><br/>(10) Weekly Banking<br/><br/>RBI releases new rules for private players in banking sector<br/><br/>Minimum equity<br/><br/>Draft rules<br/><br/>RBI’s concern over rising instances of frauds in retail banking<br/><br/>Rating of Banks<br/><br/>Rating Criteria<br/><br/>CAMELS rating criteria<br/><br/>Parameters for rating a bank<br/><br/>Rating Symbols—Domestic Banks<br/><br/>Internet Banking (E-Banking)<br/><br/>Definition<br/><br/>Internet banking in India—NET Banking<br/><br/>Services through E-Banking<br/><br/>Advantage of Internet Banking<br/><br/>Security Precautions<br/><br/>RBI proposes new payment systems<br/><br/>PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN OPERATIONS OF BANKING COMPANIES<br/><br/>(1) Preservation of records (S. 45-Y)<br/><br/>(2) Return of paid instruments (S. 45-Z)<br/><br/>(3) (i) Nomination for payment of deposit money (S. 45-ZA)<br/><br/> Who can be nominee<br/><br/> Can a minor be a nominee<br/><br/> Rights of nominee<br/><br/> Rights of successor of the depositor<br/><br/>(ii) Notice of claims of other persons regarding deposits not receivable (S. 45-ZB)<br/><br/>(iii) Nomination for return of articles kept in safe custody (S. 45-ZC)<br/><br/>(iv) Notice of claims of other persons regarding articles not receivable (S. 45-ZD)<br/><br/>(v) Nomination for release of contents of safety lockers (S. 45-ZE)<br/><br/>(vi) Notice of claims of other persons regarding safety lockers not receivable (S. 45-ZF)<br/><br/>Chapter IV<br/><br/>Banks and Customers Relation<br/><br/>I. Who is a bank or banker?<br/><br/>II. Who is a Customer?<br/><br/>Frequency anticipated<br/><br/>Dealing to be of a Banking Nature<br/><br/>Essential requisite of Relation<br/><br/>Account—Is Nexus of Relation<br/><br/>Contractual Relation<br/><br/>III. Services rendered by Banks : (Banking Services)<br/><br/>(i) General Services : [Services to depositors and borrowers]<br/><br/>(ii) Ancillary Service<br/><br/>(iii) Special Banking Services<br/><br/>(iv) General Utility Services for all<br/><br/>IV. Relationship Between Banker and Customer<br/><br/>1. Debtor and Creditor<br/><br/>Deposit amount as a debt<br/><br/>Nature of Fixed Deposit : "A Debt"<br/><br/>Fixed Deposit "either or survivor" clause : Meaning<br/><br/>Instructed deposit : not debt<br/><br/>Conditions for payment of deposit amount<br/><br/>Favoured or Privileged Debtor<br/><br/>Taking re-possession by use of force—Unlawful<br/><br/>Discounting of Cheques<br/><br/>Collection of Cheques<br/><br/>2. Trustee and beneficiary<br/><br/>Banker as a trustee and customer as a beneficiary Ccestui que trust)<br/><br/>Deposit of money with Specific Instruction<br/><br/>Safe Custody in Lockers : [See in the Chapter of Bailor and Bailee]<br/><br/>3. Principal and Agent<br/><br/>Other Agency Services<br/><br/>No bank provides service without authority of the customer<br/><br/>4. Trader and Customer (Consumer)<br/><br/>Continuance of Banker’s Service<br/><br/>Mortgage of Joint FDR<br/><br/>5. Bailee and Bailor Relation<br/><br/>Deposit in the account does not amount bailment<br/><br/>Safe Custody of Customer’s valuables<br/><br/>Knowledge of the contents of the lockers<br/><br/>(i) Locker user register<br/><br/>(ii) Safe Custody register<br/><br/>(iii) Withdrawl of articles register<br/><br/>6. Guarantor and Beneficiary<br/><br/>Bank Guarantee<br/><br/>7. Mortgager and Mortgagee<br/><br/>8. Pawnor and Pawnee<br/><br/>9. Lessor and Lessee<br/><br/>Termination of Banker and Customer Relationship<br/><br/>(A) Termination by the customer<br/><br/>(B) Termination by the Banker<br/><br/>I. Under the operation of Law<br/><br/>II. Undesirable Accounts<br/><br/>Reasonable notice to close account<br/><br/>Commercial Viability for maintaining account :<br/><br/>Undesirable Account<br/><br/>Dormant Account<br/><br/>Inoperative (others)<br/><br/>Inoperative (10 years and over) unclaimed deposits<br/><br/>Non-performing Account (NPA)<br/><br/>Non-performing Assets (NPA)<br/><br/>Introduction<br/><br/>NPAs, what is?<br/><br/>INTRODUCTION TO NPA<br/><br/>Types of NPA<br/><br/>Reasons Behind NPA<br/><br/>Effects of NPA on Banks & Financial Institutions<br/><br/>Bad loan of some big banks<br/><br/>Obligations (duties) and rights of banker and customer<br/><br/>I. Banker’s Obligations : Statutory duties of Banks<br/><br/>1. Obligation (duty) to honour cheques<br/><br/>(i) There must be sufficient funds<br/><br/>(ii) The funds must be properly applicable to the payment of the cheque<br/><br/>(iii) The banker must be duly required to pay<br/><br/>(iv) Presentation of cheques within working hours of business<br/><br/>(v) Presentment of cheque within a reasonable time<br/><br/>(vi) Presentment of cheque at the branch where account is kept<br/><br/>(vii) Not a case of justified dishonour<br/><br/>Application of the Garnishee Order to Various Types of Accounts<br/><br/>Rights of the Attaching Creditor<br/><br/>Attachment Order Issued by Income-Tax Authorities<br/><br/>Extension of Liability<br/><br/>2. Obligation to maintain Secrecy of Accounts. '<br/><br/>I. Disclosure of Information Required by Law<br/><br/>II. Disclosure Permitted by Banker’s Practices and Usages<br/><br/>Risks of Unwarranted and Unjustifiable Disclosure<br/><br/>3. Obligation to honour guarantee<br/><br/>4. Obligation to honour letter of Credit<br/><br/>5. Obligation as to recovery of debts<br/><br/>6. Dropping of cheques in drop boxes for collection<br/><br/>Remedies for refusal<br/><br/>Depositing of Cheques by Phone<br/><br/><br/>7. Obligation (duty) to maintain correct account of the customer<br/><br/>8. Not to convert excess credit as overdraft<br/><br/>II. Banker’a Right<br/><br/>1. Right of General Lien<br/><br/>Exceptions to the Right of Lien<br/><br/>2. Banker’s Right of Set-off<br/><br/>Nature of Set-off<br/><br/>Set-off in Joint Account<br/><br/>FDR before Maturity<br/><br/>FDR After Maturity<br/><br/>Set-off in Fixed Deposit<br/><br/>3. Right of Appropriation (Rule in Clayton’s Case)<br/><br/>Clayton’s Case<br/><br/>(1) Appropriation by the debtor<br/><br/>(2) Appropriation by the Creditor (Section 60)<br/><br/>(3) Appropriation by law (Section 61)<br/><br/>4. Banker’s Right to Charge Interest, Incidental Charges, etc.<br/><br/>Charge on Cheque Book<br/><br/>5. Right to ask Succession Certificate<br/><br/>6. Right to publish defaulting borrowers<br/><br/>Inclusion of name of borrower in list of defaulter<br/><br/>II. The Obligation and Right of customers to his banker<br/><br/>1. Not to draw cheques without sufficient Fund<br/><br/>2. Drawing Cheques with reasonable care<br/><br/>3. To repay overdrawings<br/><br/>4. To pay charges of the bank<br/><br/>5. To communicate or inform facts<br/><br/>6. To make demand for repayment of deposit<br/><br/>Customer’s Accounts and Banks<br/><br/>Why Bank Accounts?<br/><br/>Deposit Accounts<br/><br/>Classification of Customer’s Accounts<br/><br/>Regulation of Competition in Banking<br/><br/>Classification of Deposits<br/><br/>(A) Demand Deposits<br/><br/>(B) Time Deposits<br/><br/>I. Fixed Deposit Accounts<br/><br/>Fixed Deposits in Joint Names<br/><br/>Change in Names<br/><br/>Nature of Joint Fixed Account<br/><br/>Joint Fixed Deposit qua Joint Account<br/><br/>Fixed deposits : Renewal<br/><br/>II. SAVINGS BANK ACCOUNTS<br/><br/>Recurring Deposit or Cumulative Deposit Accounts<br/><br/>III. CURRENT ACCOUNTS<br/><br/>Return of unclaimed Deposits (Section 26)<br/><br/>Banking Service of NRIs in India<br/><br/>What are the various facilities available to NRIs/OCBs?<br/><br/>Opening of Accounts : Procedure<br/><br/>Bank Accounts of every Adult by 2016<br/><br/>Fixed Deposit Account<br/><br/>Opening of Current and Savings Accounts<br/><br/>1. Application on the Prescribed Form<br/><br/>2. Introduction of the Applicant<br/><br/>3. Specimen Signature<br/><br/>4. Photograph of the Applicant<br/><br/>5. Compulsory quoting of PAN/GIR number<br/><br/>6. Initial Deposits (Amount)<br/><br/>Current Account<br/><br/>Fixed Deposits must be opened with Rs. 100.00 without any upper limit.<br/><br/>Recurring Deposits are opened with minimum Rs. 100.00 and maximum of Rs. 10,000.00.<br/><br/>Pay-in-Slip<br/><br/>Operating the Bank Account<br/><br/>MICR Cheques<br/><br/>CTS-2010: Cheque Truncation System-2010<br/><br/>Legal Aspects of Entries in the Pass Book<br/><br/>Passbook to constitute an Authentic Record<br/><br/>Amount inadvertently credited : A Debt<br/><br/>Effect of the Customer Signing Confirmation Slips<br/><br/>Duty of Customer to examine pass book recognised in U.S.A.<br/><br/>Duty of the Customer<br/><br/>Recovery of excess amount<br/><br/>Effect of False Entry in Pass Book<br/><br/>Maintenance of Accounts<br/><br/>Precautions to be taken by the banker and the customer<br/><br/>Closing of a Bank Account<br/><br/>Closing of Accounts on Commercial Viability<br/><br/>Dormant/Inoperative Accounts<br/><br/>Special Types of Banker’s Customers<br/><br/>MINOR<br/><br/>Legal Provisions Regarding Guardianship of a Minor<br/><br/>Kid’s Banking Account (Children)<br/><br/>Kid’s Banking<br/><br/>Minors over 10 years can open SB account : RBI<br/><br/>MARRIED WOMAN<br/><br/>PARDANASHIN WOMAN<br/><br/>ILLITERATE PERSONS<br/><br/>LUNATICS<br/><br/>TRUSTEES<br/><br/>EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS<br/><br/>CUSTOMER’S ATTORNEY<br/><br/>JOINT HINDU FAMILY<br/><br/>PARTNERSHIP FIRM<br/><br/>JOINT STOCK COMPANIES<br/><br/>1. Examination of Documents<br/><br/>2. Copy of the Board’s Resolutions<br/><br/>3. The Borrowing Power of the Company<br/><br/>4. Registration of Charges under the Companies Act<br/><br/>5. Director’s Personal Accounts<br/><br/>CLUBS, SOCIETIES AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS<br/><br/>Capital and Share Capital<br/><br/>(1) Only ordinary or Equity shares<br/><br/>(2) Share Capital Ratio<br/><br/>(3) Voting Rights<br/><br/>Requirement as to minimum paid-up Capital and Reserves (Section 11)<br/><br/>Paid-up Capital and Reserves<br/><br/>Minimum paid up Capital & Reserve for a co-operative<br/><br/>(1) No Banking Business allowed [Section 11(1)1<br/><br/>(2) Foreign Banking Company (not less than 15 lakh rupees) [Section 11(2)]<br/><br/>(3) Other Banking Companies [Section 11(3)]<br/><br/>Deposits of foreign company [Section 11(4)]<br/><br/>Not exceeding 2Vi% paid-up rate of shares<br/><br/>Comment of Sections 17 & 18<br/><br/>Demand and Time liability<br/><br/>Scheduled Banks [Exempted from Sections 17 & 18]<br/><br/>Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)<br/><br/>CRR controls liquidity and constrains inflation<br/><br/>Interest on Cash Reserve<br/><br/>Applicability to Co-operative Banks<br/><br/>A banking company cannot be a holding company<br/><br/>Loans and Advances<br/><br/>Comment on Section 20<br/><br/>Power to remit debts<br/><br/>Waiver of Commercial Loan<br/><br/>Nature of Guidelines<br/><br/>Powers of the Court<br/><br/>Lending of Funds<br/><br/>Basic Principles of Lending<br/><br/>1. Principle of Safety<br/><br/>2. Principle of profitability<br/><br/>3. Principle of Liquidity<br/><br/>4. Principle of Purpose<br/><br/>5. Principle of risk spread<br/><br/>6. Principle of Security<br/><br/>7. National Interest<br/><br/>FORMS OF ADVANCES<br/><br/>1. Cash Credit Commitment Charge<br/><br/>2. Overdrafts<br/><br/>3. Loans<br/><br/>Classification of Loans and Advances<br/><br/>Securities for Bank Advances<br/><br/>General principles of Secured Advances<br/><br/>Advances Against Documents of Title to Goods<br/><br/>Risk in case of Advances Against Documents<br/><br/>Advances Against Life Insurance Policies<br/><br/>Merits of Life Insurance Policy as Security<br/><br/>Demerits of Life Insurance Policy<br/><br/>Precaution to be taken by the banker<br/><br/>Classification of modes of securities<br/><br/>Pledge<br/><br/>Who can pledge?<br/><br/>Rights of a banker as a pledgee<br/><br/>Duties of the Pledgee Bank<br/><br/>Mortgage<br/><br/>Essential Features of Mortgage<br/><br/>Kinds of Mortgages<br/><br/>Rights of Mortgagee<br/><br/>Right to sue and Right to realise the Security distinct Rights<br/><br/>SUB-MORTGAGE<br/><br/>ASSIGNMENT<br/><br/>Loans to Companies<br/><br/>Charge<br/><br/>Characteristics of Floating Charge<br/><br/>Crystallisation of Floating Charge<br/><br/>Registration and Modification of Charges<br/><br/>Documents to be obtained<br/><br/>Board Resolution<br/><br/>Borrowing Capacity<br/><br/>Common Seal<br/><br/>REGISTRATION, MODIFICATION AND SATISFACTION OF CHARGE<br/><br/>Registration of charges created on the assets of a company<br/><br/>COMPROMISE SETTLEMENT THROUGH LOK ADALATS<br/><br/>R.B.I. GUIDELINES ON LOK ADALATS<br/><br/>DRT LOK ADALATS<br/><br/>HYPOTHECATION<br/><br/>Legal aspects in Hypothecation<br/><br/>GUARANTEE<br/><br/>Guarantee as a security for Banker’s advance<br/><br/>Economic Functions of the Guarantee<br/><br/>Essential features of Guarantee<br/><br/>Contract of Indemnity<br/><br/>Indemnity and guarantee distinguished<br/><br/>Kinds of guarantee<br/><br/>Liability under bank guarantee<br/><br/>Letters of Credit and Bank Guarantees<br/><br/>No Arbitration about Bank Guarantee<br/><br/>Surety’s liability co-extensive with that of the principal debtor<br/><br/>Banker’s claim against a bankrupt surety’s estate<br/><br/>Surety’s Rights and Liabilities<br/><br/>Condition precedent to liability<br/><br/>Cheque given as security<br/><br/>Discharge of Surety’s liability<br/><br/>Effect of Debt Relief Act<br/><br/>Restrictions on power to remit Debts<br/><br/>Surety’s Rights<br/><br/>Rights against the principal debtor<br/><br/>Right against the creditor<br/><br/>Right against Co-sureties<br/><br/>IX<br/><br/>Management of Banking Companies<br/><br/>(1) Constitution of the Board of Directors<br/><br/>(2) Prohibition Employment of Managing Agents<br/><br/>(3) Prohibition Employment of Certain Person<br/><br/>(4) Prohibition to be managed by certain persons (Section 10)<br/><br/> Prohibition to be managed by Political Persons<br/><br/>(5) Prohibition of Common Directors<br/><br/>(6) Appointment of Whole-time Chairman<br/><br/> Chairman on part-time basis<br/><br/> Qualification of Chairman<br/><br/> Disqualification of Chairman<br/><br/> Powers of Reserve Bank of India<br/><br/>Control over Management<br/><br/>1. Election of New Directors Added by Act 95 of 1956 w.e.f. (14-1-1957). :<br/><br/>2. Power of Reserve Bank to remove managerial and other persons (Section 36-AA) Section 36-AA provides<br/><br/>3. Amendments of provisions relating to appointments of managing directors, etc. to be subject to previous approval of Reserve Bank. (Section 35-B)<br/><br/>Overriding effect of this part II-A<br/><br/>4. Power of Reserve Bank to appoint additional directors (Section 36-AB)<br/><br/>5. PART II-AB<br/><br/>Supersession of Board of Directors of Banking Company<br/><br/>Acquisition of the undertaking of Banking Companies Power of Central Government Maintenance of a percentage of assets (Section 24).<br/><br/>Return unclaimed Deposits<br/><br/>Monthly returns and power to call for other returns and information (Section 27).<br/><br/>Suspension and Winding up of Banking Companies<br/><br/>(A) Suspension of Banking Business<br/><br/>(1) By High Court<br/><br/>Appointment of special Authority [Section 37(3)]<br/><br/>Powers of Reserve Bank [Section 37(4)]<br/><br/>(2) By Central Government (Section 45)<br/><br/>Effect of Moratorium<br/><br/>Duration of Moratorium<br/><br/>(B) Winding up of the Banking Companies<br/><br/>Inspection<br/><br/>Powers of Reserve Bank [Section 35(4), (5) and (6)]<br/><br/>Circumstances when a Banking Company deemed unable to pay its debts<br/><br/>Voluntary Winding up<br/><br/>Proceedings of Winding up<br/><br/>Appointment of Court Liquidator (Section 38-A).<br/><br/>Special Provisions for Speedy Disposal of Winding up Proceedings<br/><br/>(C) Reconstruction and Amalgamation of Banking Companies<br/><br/>Forms of reconstruction and amalgamation<br/><br/>Powers and Functions of Reserve Bank of India<br/><br/>Procedure for amalgamation of banking companies (Section 44-A)<br/><br/>Restriction on compromise or arrangement between banking company and creditors<br/><br/>Power of Reserve Bank to apply to Central Government for suspension of business by a banking company and to prepare scheme of reconstitution or amalgamation (Section 45)<br/><br/>MERGERS & ACQUISITIONS<br/><br/>Issues in Mergers<br/><br/>Constitution of Tribunal: Banking Tribunal<br/><br/>Tribunal to have powers of Civil Court<br/><br/>MISCELLANEOUS<br/><br/>Letters of Credit (Documentary Credits)<br/><br/>Definition<br/><br/>Circular Notes<br/><br/>Circular Cheques<br/><br/>Travellers’ Cheques<br/><br/>Special Features of travellers’ Cheque<br/><br/>Difference between Traveller’s cheque and Circular cheque<br/><br/>Kinds of Letters of Credits<br/><br/>Basic Features<br/><br/>(i) Traveller’s Letter of Credit<br/><br/>Essential features of Traveller’s Letter of Credit<br/><br/>(ii) Letters of Commercial Credit<br/><br/>Parties to the Letters of Credit<br/><br/>(1) In case of Travellers' Letter of Credit<br/><br/>(2) In case of letter of Commercial Credit<br/><br/>Classifications of Letter of Commercial Letters of Credit<br/><br/>(1) Revocable and Irrevocable Letters of Credit<br/><br/>As per Article 1 of the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits<br/><br/>(2) Fixed and Revolving Credit<br/><br/>(3) Documentary and Clean Credit<br/><br/>(4) With and Without Recourse" Credit<br/><br/>(5) Transferable and Non-transferable Credit<br/><br/>(6) Confirmed and Unconfirmed Letters of Credit<br/><br/>Performance guarantees<br/><br/>Advantage of a Letter of Credit<br/><br/>(A) To the beneficiary<br/><br/>(B) Advantages of Letter of Credit to the Buyer (or Importer)<br/><br/>THE LIABILITY OF THE ISSUING BANKER<br/><br/>Distinction between Irrevocable Letter of Credit and Bank Guarantee<br/><br/>OPENING OF A LETTER OF CREDIT<br/><br/>UNIFORM CUSTOMS AND PRACTICE FOR DOCUMENTARY CREDITS<br/><br/>General Provisions<br/><br/>A. Form and Notification of Credits<br/><br/>B. Liabilities and Responsibilities : Examination of Documents<br/><br/>C. Documents<br/><br/>D. Miscellaneous Provisions relate to :<br/><br/>E. Transfer<br/><br/>Computer Banking : E-Banking<br/><br/>BANKING THROUGH TECHNOLOGY<br/><br/>A Shift Towards A Cashless Society<br/><br/>STANDS-ALONE COMPUTER SYSTEM<br/><br/>MULTI-USER SYSTEMS<br/><br/>BRANCH AUTOMATION<br/><br/>COMPUTER<br/><br/>CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS<br/><br/>GENERATIONS OE COMPUTER<br/><br/>USE OF COMPUTERS<br/><br/>COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER<br/><br/>HARDWARE<br/><br/>INPUTS DEVICES<br/><br/>OUTPUT DEVICES<br/><br/>STORAGE DEVICES<br/><br/>STORAGE SYSTEM<br/><br/>Floppy disk<br/><br/>Magnetic tape<br/><br/>Hard disk<br/><br/>Optical disk or compact disk (CD)<br/><br/>BANKNET<br/><br/>RBINET<br/><br/>I-net<br/><br/>NICNET<br/><br/>IBA SWADHAN NETWORK<br/><br/>INFINET<br/><br/>Intra-bank<br/><br/>Inter-bank<br/><br/>INTERNET<br/><br/>Face-Book<br/><br/>CORE BANKING SOLUTIONS<br/><br/>Essential requirement of CBS<br/><br/>Advantages<br/><br/>Customer<br/><br/><br/>Banks<br/><br/>ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEM & RELATED ISSUES<br/><br/>REAL TIME GROSS SETTLEMENT SYSTEM (RTGS)<br/><br/>Process of RTGS<br/><br/>Present status of RTGS in India<br/><br/>AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE (ATM)<br/><br/>HAWK<br/><br/>Personal Identification Number (PEN)<br/><br/>PLASTIC CARDs (PLASTIC MONEY)<br/><br/>CHARGE CARD<br/><br/>CREDIT CARD<br/><br/>DEBIT CARD<br/><br/>GOLD CARD<br/><br/>SMART CARD<br/><br/>SWITCH CARD<br/><br/>CO-BRANDED CARD<br/><br/>ELECTRONIC PURSE<br/><br/>Advantages of plastic cards<br/><br/>ELECTRONIC CASH<br/><br/>CHEQUE TRUNCATION<br/><br/>ELECTRONIC CHEQUES<br/><br/>BANKING SERVICES THROUGH INFORMATION<br/><br/>TECHNOLOGY : Applications<br/><br/>Mobile ATM<br/><br/>UPDATION OF TRANSACTIONS IN BANKS<br/><br/>SIGNATURE STORAGE & RETRIEVAL<br/><br/>BANK AUTOMATION<br/><br/>INTERNET BANKING IN INDIA—RESERVE BANK OF INDIA GUIDELINES<br/><br/>Technology and Security Standards<br/><br/>Legal Issues<br/><br/>Regulatory and Supervisory Issue<br/><br/>IMPACT OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY<br/><br/>Impact on customer services<br/><br/>Impact on Employees<br/><br/>Impact on services<br/><br/>Impact on organizational structure and orientation<br/><br/>INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ACT, 2000<br/><br/>Validity of eCom in india<br/><br/>Banking through Mobiles<br/><br/>Mobile Banking Service<br/><br/>Mobile Way to Financial Inclusion<br/><br/>RBI’s Draft norms on mobile payments<br/><br/>Long-term goal<br/><br/>Infrastructure<br/><br/>Registration<br/><br/>DIGITAL SIGNATURES<br/><br/>E-COMMERCE<br/><br/>ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER<br/><br/>Procedure<br/><br/>SPECIAL ELECTRONIC FUNDS TRANSFER SYSTEM<br/><br/>PARTICIPANTS<br/><br/>SEFT-PROCESS FLOW<br/><br/>Transmission/Submission of SEFT Data File to the SEFT centre<br/><br/>Receiving NCC transmitting NCC Data File to the beneficiary banks<br/><br/>Data validation at receiving SEFT Service Branch<br/><br/>IBA’s ELECTRONIC CLEARING SERVICE<br/><br/>MAGNETIC INK CHARACTER RECOGNITION (MICR)<br/><br/>Banking Ombudsman<br/><br/>What is Banking Ombudsman<br/><br/>Nature of Jurisdiction<br/><br/>Rationale of Appointing Banking Ombudsman.<br/><br/>Jurisdiction of the Banking Ombudsman<br/><br/>PREREQUISITE FOR COMPLAINT WITH OMBUDSMAN<br/><br/>AWARD BY THE BANKING OMBUDSMAN<br/><br/>Procedure of filing complaint<br/><br/>Special Feature of Complaint<br/><br/>Ombudsman washes hands of Internet banking frauds<br/><br/>COMPROMISE SETTLEMENT THROUGH LOK ADALATS<br/><br/>IMPORTANT ASPECTS<br/><br/>DEBTS RECOVERY TRIBUNALS (DRT)<br/><br/>RATIONALE FOR SETTING UP DRT<br/><br/>DRT APPLICABILITY<br/><br/>CONSTITUTION OF DRT<br/><br/>DEBTS RECOVERY APPELLATE TRIBUNAL<br/><br/>DRT NOT A CIVIL COURT<br/><br/>PROCEDURE FOLLOWED BY THE TRIBUNALS<br/><br/>Debts Recovery Tribunal (DRT) and Banking Ombudsman<br/><br/>Order of DRT is not a decree<br/><br/>Reserve Bank of India<br/><br/>Royal Commission<br/><br/>THE RESERVE BANK OF INDIA ACT, 1934<br/><br/>CHAPTER I—PRELIMINARY<br/><br/>CHAPTER II—INCORPORATION CAPITAL, MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS<br/><br/>Business which the Reserve Bank of India may transact (S. 17)<br/><br/>Central Banking System in India<br/><br/>Nationalisation of Reserve Bank of India<br/><br/>CHAPTER III—POWER AND FUNCTIONS OF RESERVE BANK<br/><br/>(A) Power and Functions under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934<br/><br/>(1) Issuance of Currency : Monopoly of note-issue Distribution of Currency Notes and Coins PIL for seeking proper distribution of currency<br/><br/>and coins : S. 38 of RBI Plastic Money<br/><br/>(2) Banker to the Government<br/><br/>(3) Banker’s Bank<br/><br/>(4) Control of Banks<br/><br/>(5) Controller of Credits<br/><br/>(6) Compliance of Statutory Reserves<br/><br/>(7) Collection of information<br/><br/>BOARD FOR FINANCIAL SUPERVISION (BFS)<br/><br/>(8) Maintenance of external value<br/><br/>(9) Monetary Controller of the Country<br/><br/>Dealing in repo or reverse repo (S. 12-AB)<br/><br/>(10) Other promotional and developmental function<br/><br/>(11) As agent of the Central Government<br/><br/>The acting of agent of Central Government (S. 11-A)<br/><br/>The Reserve Bank of India and its Promotional Role<br/><br/>Reserve Bank of India as Controller of Commercial Banks<br/><br/>Master Circular (S. 35)<br/><br/>Supervisory Functions : Separated<br/><br/>Non-Banking Financial Institutions : Control and Regulations<br/><br/>RBI grants licences to 10 small banks<br/><br/>RBI for large co-operative to turn into banks<br/><br/>1. Definition of ‘Deposit’<br/><br/>Restrictions on accepting ‘Deposits’<br/><br/>2. Requirement of registration and net owned fund (S. 45-LA).<br/><br/>3. Maintenance of percentage of assets (S. 45IB).<br/><br/>4. Reserve fund (S. 45IC).<br/><br/>5. Bank to regulate or prohibit issue of prospectus or advertisement soliciting deposits of money (S. 45IJ).<br/><br/>6. Power of Bank to determine policy and issue directions (S. 45JA).<br/><br/>7. Power of Bank to collect information from non-banking institutions as to deposits and to give directions<br/><br/>(S. 45K).<br/><br/>8. Power of Bank to call for information from financial institution and to give direction (S. 45L).<br/><br/>9. Duty of non-banking institutions to furnish statements etc., required by Bank (S. 45-M).<br/><br/>10. Power and duties of auditors (S. 45-MA).<br/><br/>11. Power of Bank to prohibit acceptance of deposit and alienation of assets (S. 45-MB).<br/><br/>12. Power of Bank to file winding up petition (S. 45-MC).<br/><br/>13. Inspection (S. 45N).<br/><br/>14. Deposits not to be solicited by unauthorised person (S. 45-NA).<br/><br/>15. Disclosure of information (S. 45-NB).<br/><br/>16. Power of bank to exempt (S. 45-NC).<br/><br/>17. Chapter IIIB to override other laws (S. 45Q).<br/><br/>18. Power of Company Law Board to offer repayment of deposit (S. 45-QA).<br/><br/>19. Nomination by depositors (S. 45-QB).<br/><br/>20. Power to issue search warrants (S. 45-T).<br/><br/>21. Not to open subsidiaries abroad<br/><br/>REGULATION OF TRANSACTIONS IN DERIVATIVES, MONEY MARKET INSTRUMENTS, SECURITIES, ETC.<br/><br/>CHAPTER IV—GENERAL PROVISIONS<br/><br/>CHAPTER IV—PENALTIES<br/><br/>THE NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS ACT, 1881<br/><br/>Introduction<br/><br/>Act 26 of 1881<br/><br/>Statement of Objects and Reasons of the Negotiable<br/><br/>Instruments (Amendment and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 2002<br/><br/>Negotiable Instruments<br/><br/>Definition of Negotiable Instruments<br/><br/>Salient features or essential characteristics of a Negotiable Instrument<br/><br/>Negotiable Instrument as Assets of the holder<br/><br/>Instrument v. Document<br/><br/>"Negotiable Instruments are luggage without carrier"<br/><br/>I. Promissory Note<br/><br/>Promissory Note or Receipt<br/><br/>What constitutes promissory notes<br/><br/>I.O.U.<br/><br/>Specimen of Promissory Note<br/><br/>Essentials of Promissory Note<br/><br/>(1) In writing<br/><br/>(2) An undertaking to pay<br/><br/>(3) Unconditional promise or undertaking to pay<br/><br/> Denial of borrower<br/><br/>(4) Signed by the maker<br/><br/>(5) The sum must be certain<br/><br/>(6) Money only<br/><br/>(7) Parties must be certain<br/><br/>(8) Must be stamped<br/><br/>Rebuttal of presumption of consideration Liability of the Successor under the pronote Exceptions<br/><br/>Bank Notes or Currency Notes<br/><br/>II. The Bill of Exchange (Section 5)<br/><br/>Definition<br/><br/>Specimen of Bill of Exchange<br/><br/>Parties to Bill of Exchange<br/><br/>Essentials of Bill of Exchange<br/><br/>Drawee must be certain<br/><br/>Payee must be certain<br/><br/>Fictitious or non-existing payee<br/><br/>Bearer bill payable on demand<br/><br/>Of Bills in Sets<br/><br/>Five certainties of a bill of exchange<br/><br/>Difference between Promissory note and Bill of Exchange<br/><br/>III. Cheque<br/><br/>Definition<br/><br/>Definition According to English Law<br/><br/>All Cheques are bills but all bills are not cheques<br/><br/>Specimen of Cheque<br/><br/>Essential feature of a cheque<br/><br/>Parties to a cheque<br/><br/>Cheque in foreign currencies<br/><br/>Difference between Cheques and Bills of Exchange<br/><br/>Difference between cheque and Promissory Notes<br/><br/>Kinds of Negotiable Instruments<br/><br/>(1) Inland and Foreign Instruments<br/><br/>Inland Instruments (Section 11)<br/><br/>Foreign instruments (Section 12)<br/><br/>(2) Ambiguous and Clean Instruments (Section 17)<br/><br/>(3) Bearer or order instruments (Section 13)<br/><br/>Payable to order<br/><br/>Payable to bearer<br/><br/>Once a bearer always a bearer<br/><br/>Exception<br/><br/>(4) Inchoate Instrument (Section 20)<br/><br/>Is Filling of inchoate instrument a material alteration?<br/><br/>(5) Time and demand instrument<br/><br/>Demand instruments<br/><br/>‘At sight’, On presentment, "After sight"<br/><br/>Instrument payable on demand<br/><br/>(6) Open Cheques and Crossed Cheques<br/><br/>Digital Cheques (Inserted by Amendment 2002)<br/><br/>Truncated cheque [(Section 6(b)]<br/><br/>"Cheques in electronic form" [Section 6(a)]<br/><br/>Electronic Cheque "Golden Cheques"<br/><br/>Validity of Cheques<br/><br/>"Stale Cheque"<br/><br/>Antedated and Postdated cheques<br/><br/>Antedated cheque<br/><br/>Postdated cheque<br/><br/>Postdated Cheque and Cheating<br/><br/>Clone Cheque and Fraud<br/><br/>‘Stop Payment’ of Postdated Cheque<br/><br/>Maturity of the Instrument<br/><br/>Importance of maturity<br/><br/>Maturity the meaning (Section 22)<br/><br/>Instrument payable on demand<br/><br/>"At sight", "on presentment" and "on demand"<br/><br/>"After Sight", after date"<br/><br/>Instrument payable on demand (Section 19)<br/><br/>Maturity of "time" or "usance" instruments<br/><br/>Usance Bill<br/><br/>Rules of Maturity of Usance bill<br/><br/>Days of Grace<br/><br/>English law<br/><br/>Essentiality of days of Grace<br/><br/>Calculation of Maturity<br/><br/>(1) Bill and note payable many months after date or sight : Usance (Section 23)<br/><br/>(2) Bill and note payable many days after date or sight<br/><br/>"Next preceding business day"<br/><br/>For example<br/><br/>What are Negotiable Instruments?<br/><br/>Quasi-Negotiable Instruments<br/><br/>English Law<br/><br/>Bill of Lading or Airway Bill<br/><br/>Railway Receipt (R/R)<br/><br/>Share Certificate<br/><br/>Share Warrant<br/><br/>Dividend Warrant<br/><br/>Treasury bill or note<br/><br/>Share and debentures<br/><br/>Fixed Deposit Receipt<br/><br/>Letter of Credit<br/><br/>Government Promissory Notes<br/><br/>Postal orders and Money orders<br/><br/>Traveller’s Cheque<br/><br/>"Liability of the paying banker"<br/><br/>Life Insurance Policy<br/><br/>Currency Notes<br/><br/>Hundi<br/><br/>Banker’s Drafts/Demand Drafts<br/><br/>Is Banker’s Draft a Negotiable Instrument?<br/><br/>Is Banker’s Draft a Cheque?<br/><br/>Countermanding (stop payment of draft)<br/><br/>Issue Duplicate Draft<br/><br/>Payment of Bank Draft<br/><br/>A. Parties to Instrument<br/><br/>B. Capacity to Parties<br/><br/>Minor<br/><br/>Position of Minor<br/><br/>Agency<br/><br/>Express Agency<br/><br/>Parties to Instruments<br/><br/>Maker and Drawer<br/><br/>Drawer and Drawee in case of need<br/><br/>Drawee<br/><br/>Acceptor and Acceptor for honour<br/><br/>Acceptor for honour<br/><br/>Payee<br/><br/>Fictitious name as act of forgery<br/><br/>Holder and Holder in due Course<br/><br/>Conditions for holder<br/><br/>A thief and finder cannot be holder<br/><br/>De jure holder<br/><br/>Right of holder<br/><br/>Holder in due course<br/><br/>Conditions for holder in due course<br/><br/>(1) and (2) Possessor, payee or endorsee<br/><br/>Whether original payee can be a holder in due course<br/><br/>Indian Position<br/><br/>(3) Consideration<br/><br/>(4) Before maturity<br/><br/>Exception : Accommodation bill<br/><br/>Demand Instruments<br/><br/>Cheque payable on demand<br/><br/>(5) Without notice and good faith Due care and caution<br/><br/>Irregular Endorsement negates holder in due course<br/><br/>"Good faith"<br/><br/>"Due Care and Caution" as Test of Good Faith<br/><br/>Rule of gross negligence<br/><br/>Rules of Honesty<br/><br/>Modem law (Rules of Honesty)<br/><br/>"Holder for Value"<br/><br/>Presumption of "Holder in Due Course"<br/><br/>Privileges of a Holder in due course<br/><br/>Difference between Holder and Holder in due course<br/><br/>Rights of Holder<br/><br/>Privileges of a Holder in Due Course<br/><br/>(C) Liability of the Parties of the Instruments Liability of drawer of bill and cheque (Section 30)<br/><br/>Liability of maker of the note acceptor of the bill<br/><br/>Liability of the maker of note (Section 32)<br/><br/>Liability of the acceptor of the bill (Section 32)<br/><br/>(1) Acceptor bound, although endorsement forged (Section 41)<br/><br/>(2) Acceptance of a bill drawn in fictitious name (Section 42)<br/><br/>(3) Acceptor or endorser bound notwithstanding previous alteration (Section 88)<br/><br/>Liability of drawee of cheques (Section 31)<br/><br/>Liability of the drawee of the bill<br/><br/>Who can accept<br/><br/>Position of drawee in case of need after acceptance<br/><br/>Holder and Holder in due course<br/><br/>Liability of Endorser and Endorsee<br/><br/>(D) Discharge from liability on Notes, Bills and Cheques<br/><br/>Discharge from liability<br/><br/>(I) Discharge of the Instrument<br/><br/>(1) By cancellation<br/><br/>(2) By Release [Section 82(b)]<br/><br/>(3) By payment<br/><br/>Payment in due course<br/><br/>(i) Apparent tenor<br/><br/>Re-issuing of the bill<br/><br/>(ii) Payment in good faith<br/><br/>(iii) Without negligence<br/><br/>(iv) and (v) To any person in possession and to any person who is entitled to receive payment.<br/><br/>To whom payment should be made<br/><br/>Order instrument<br/><br/>Forged endorsement<br/><br/>(4) By acceptor becoming holder of the bill (Section 90)<br/><br/>(5) Where cheque not duly presented and drawer damaged thereby (Section 84)<br/><br/>(II) Discharge of some parties<br/><br/>(1) Cancellation of endorser’s liability [Section 82(a)]<br/><br/>(2) By Release of endorser’s liability [Section 82(b)]<br/><br/>(3» By allowing drawee more than 48 hours for acceptance (Section 83)<br/><br/>4 By qualified acceptance (Section 86)<br/><br/>Examples of qualified acceptance<br/><br/>(5) For non-presentment for acceptance of a bill of exchange. (S. 61)<br/><br/>(6) By Material Alteration (Sections 87, 88 and 89)<br/><br/>(i) Intentional alteration<br/><br/>(ii) Alteration must be material<br/><br/>English Law<br/><br/>Examples of material alteration<br/><br/>(iii) Alteration to carry-out the intention of original parties<br/><br/>(iv) Alteration not apparent<br/><br/>Promissory note is not required to be filled up by the maker himself<br/><br/>Extinction of debt (Suit on consideration)<br/><br/>As to truncated cheques<br/><br/>Alteration by a stranger<br/><br/>Alteration which does not affect validity of the instruments<br/><br/>Is Revalidating of Cheque Material Alteration?<br/><br/>Is completion of inchoate cheque material alteration?<br/><br/>Acceptor or endorser bound notwithstanding previous alteration (Section 88)<br/><br/>Effect of Material Alteration (Section 87)<br/><br/>Chapter XVI<br/><br/>Negotiation<br/><br/>Difference between "Transfer" and "Negotiation" "Negotiation"<br/><br/>"Negotiation" and "assignment" distinguished<br/><br/>(1) As to title<br/><br/>(2) Presumption of Consideration<br/><br/>(3) Mode of transfer<br/><br/>(4) Notice of transfer<br/><br/>(5) No stamping<br/><br/>Modes of Negotiation<br/><br/>How Negotiation is made?<br/><br/>A thief or finder cannot be holder<br/><br/>Delivery of the Instrument<br/><br/>Exception<br/><br/>(1) Negotiation by Delivery (Section 47)<br/><br/>Exception<br/><br/>(2) Negotiation by endorsements (Section 48)<br/><br/>Limitations of Sections 47 and 48<br/><br/>Application of Section 58 to Sections 47 and 48<br/><br/>(i) Negotiation (endorsement) of lost instrument<br/><br/>(ii) Instrument obtained by means of an offence<br/><br/>(a) By an offence i.e., by theft<br/><br/>(b) and (c) by fraud and unlawful consideration<br/><br/>Endorsement<br/><br/>1. Definition and Essential features<br/><br/>Place of endorsement<br/><br/>Essential features of Endorsement<br/><br/>Who can endorse<br/><br/>Minor as endorser<br/><br/>2. Kinds of Endorsement<br/><br/>(A) Blank or Full Endorsement<br/><br/>Blank Endorsement<br/><br/>Effects of Blank endorsement<br/><br/>(1) Conversion of order instrument into bearer instrument<br/><br/>(2) Negotiation by delivery<br/><br/>(3) Conversion into full (Section 49)<br/><br/>Full Endorsement<br/><br/>(B) Restrictive or Conditional Endorsement<br/><br/>Restrictive Endorsement (Section 50)<br/><br/>Conditional Endorsement (Section 52)<br/><br/>Conditional endorsement and conditional delivery<br/><br/>Some Examples of conditional endorsement<br/><br/>(C) Whole or Partial Endorsement (Section 56)<br/><br/>(D) Facultative Endorsement<br/><br/>3. General Principles of Endorsement, or Conditions to a valid Endorsement, or Rules of Endorsement.<br/><br/>Other Forms of Endorsements<br/><br/>Effects of Endorsement<br/><br/>Duration of Negotiability (Section 60)<br/><br/>Payment before maturity<br/><br/>Chapter XVII<br/><br/>Presentment<br/><br/>What is presentment<br/><br/>Kinds of Presentment<br/><br/>(1) Presentment for Acceptance (Section 61)<br/><br/>(a) To whom presented and by whom accepted<br/><br/>(b) Time and place of acceptance<br/><br/>(c) Presentment through post-office<br/><br/>(d) Within reasonable time<br/><br/>When presentment for acceptance is necessary<br/><br/>Purpose of presentment of acceptance<br/><br/>When presentment for acceptance is not necessary<br/><br/>Effects of non-presentment of acceptance<br/><br/>(2) Presentment of promissory note for sight (Section 62)<br/><br/>(3) Presentment for payment<br/><br/>Instrument Payable on demand (Section 74)<br/><br/>Instrument payable after date or sight (Section 66)<br/><br/>Presentment for payment of promissory note payable by instalments (Section 67)<br/><br/>Rules as to presentment of payment<br/><br/>(a) Place of Presentment<br/><br/>(b) Hours of Presentment<br/><br/>(c) Within reasonable time Excuse of delay<br/><br/>(d) To whom presentment for acceptance be made<br/><br/>(4) Presentment of cheque in order to charge the drawee<br/><br/>Bank<br/><br/> Presentment of cheque for payment<br/><br/>Presentment of Truncated Cheque [(Section 64(2)]<br/><br/>Waiver of presentment [Section 76(c)]<br/><br/>Effects and consequences of non-presentment<br/><br/>Dishonour and Notice thereof<br/><br/>(A) Dishonour by Non-Acceptance (Section 91)<br/><br/>(B) Dishonour by Non-Payment Notice of dishonour<br/><br/>By and to whom notice should be given (Section 93)<br/><br/>Mode in which notice may be given (Section 94)<br/><br/>Party receiving must transmit notice of dishonour (Section 95)<br/><br/>Agent for presentment (Section 96)<br/><br/>When party to whom notice is given is dead (Section 97)<br/><br/>When notice of dishonour is unnecessary (Section 98)<br/><br/>Of Noting and Protest<br/><br/>Noting (Section 99)<br/><br/>Protest (Section 100)<br/><br/>Contents of protest (Section 101)<br/><br/>Notice of protest (Section 102)<br/><br/>Protest for non-payment after dishonour by non-acceptance (Section 103)<br/><br/>Protest of foreign bills (Section 104)<br/><br/>When noting equivalent to protest (Section 104-A)<br/><br/>Of Reasonable Time<br/><br/>Reasonable time (Section 105)<br/><br/>Reasonable time of giving notice of dishonour (Section 106)<br/><br/>Reasonable time for transmitting such notice (Section 107)<br/><br/>Of Payment and Interest<br/><br/>To whom payment should be made (Section 78)<br/><br/>Interest when rate specified (Section 79)<br/><br/>Interest when no rate specified (Section 80)<br/><br/>Of Compensation<br/><br/>Rules as to compensation (Section 117)<br/><br/>Special rules of Evidence<br/><br/>Presumptions as to negotiable instruments of consideration (Section 118)<br/><br/>Presumption on proof of protest (Section 119)<br/><br/>Estoppel against denying original validity of instrument (Section 120)<br/><br/>Estoppel against denying capacity of payee to indorse (Sec. 121)<br/><br/>Estoppel against denying signature or capacity of prior party (Section 122)<br/><br/>Chapter XVIII<br/><br/>Crossing of Cheques<br/><br/>Legal Recognition of Crossing<br/><br/>Object of the Crossing : Why crossing?<br/><br/>What is Crossing<br/><br/>Kinds and modes of crossing<br/><br/>(A) General Crossing (Section 123)<br/><br/>Essential of general crossing<br/><br/>(B) Special Crossing (Section 124)<br/><br/>Essentials of special crossing<br/><br/>(1) as to name of a Specific Bank<br/><br/>(2) As to drawing of parallel lines<br/><br/>(3) As to payment<br/><br/>Effects of Crossing<br/><br/>Who may Cross (Section 125)<br/><br/>(1) The following persons may cross a cheque<br/><br/>(2) Crossing of Cheques after issue Payment of Crossed Cheques<br/><br/>(a) Payment of generally crossed cheques<br/><br/>To a Banker : Collecting Banker<br/><br/>(b) Payment of specially crossed cheques<br/><br/>To a Specified Banker : Collecting Banker<br/><br/>(c) Payment in due course of crossed cheque<br/><br/>(d) Payment out of the due course of crossed cheques (Sec. 129)<br/><br/>"Not Negotiable’ Crossing Section 130)<br/><br/>Effects of ’not negotiable" crossed cheque<br/><br/>"Account Payee' or "Account Payee only" crossing<br/><br/>Examples of Account Payee Crossing<br/><br/>Directions of the Reserve Bank of regarding Account Payee cheque<br/><br/>Opening of Crossing (Cancellation of Crossing)<br/><br/>Precautions by paying Banker<br/><br/>Obliteration or erasing of crossing<br/><br/>Crossing as a material part of cheque<br/><br/> Whether crossing constitutes material part of the cheque?<br/><br/>Protection of Collecting Banker (Section 131)<br/><br/> Who is Collecting Banker?<br/><br/> The essential conditions for protection<br/><br/>(1) For a customer<br/><br/>(2) For Crossed Cheques<br/><br/>(3) As agent<br/><br/>(4) Good faith and without negligence<br/><br/>Marking of Cheques<br/><br/>PART IV<br/><br/>Chapter XIX<br/><br/>Law of Dishonour of Cheques<br/><br/>Ss. 138 to 142 by Act of 1988 : Ss. 143 to 147 by Act of 2002<br/><br/>Statutory Provisions<br/><br/>Aims and objects of the Chapter<br/><br/> Regulatory Offence<br/><br/> Cheque as speedy vehicle of commerce<br/><br/> Object of Ss. 143 to 147<br/><br/>Justified Dishonour : When Banker may Dishonour the Cheques?<br/><br/>Answers in Case of Dishonoured Cheques<br/><br/>Dishonour of Cheques : A New Era<br/><br/>Cheque Bouncers Beware<br/><br/>Nature of Dishonour of Cheques (S. 138)<br/><br/>Who is Liable for Dishonour of Cheques :<br/><br/>Application of Doctrine of Double Jeopardy<br/><br/>Conditions for Constituting Offence and Prosecution<br/><br/>(A) Condition for Commission of Offence<br/><br/>1. Issuance of Cheque for Discharge of Debt or Liability<br/><br/>Debt or Other Liability<br/><br/>Presumption of Debt or Liability : S. 139<br/><br/>No mens rea<br/><br/>"Denial of Consideration" : No proof of Debt or Liability<br/><br/>Purpose behind presumption<br/><br/>2. Presentment of Cheque for Payment [Section 138(a)]<br/><br/>Presentment at drawee bank<br/><br/>Public Holiday is to be excluded<br/><br/>Successive Presentment of Cheques<br/><br/>Successive presentment even after giving notice under<br/><br/>Section 138(b)<br/><br/>Presentment and Depositing of Cheque<br/><br/>Tips for Safe Deposit of Cheques<br/><br/>Revalidation of a Stale Cheque<br/><br/>3. Cheque is returned unpaid by the Bank<br/><br/>‘Stop Payment’ or ‘Account Closed’<br/><br/>Deemed Dishonour<br/><br/>"Stop payment" of post dated cheque<br/><br/>‘Account Blocked’<br/><br/>Drawer’s Notice not to Present Cheque<br/><br/>Cheque drawn on a closed account<br/><br/>4. Notice of Demand for payment [Section 138(b)]<br/><br/>(i) Notice in Writing<br/><br/>Separate notice to each director not required<br/><br/>Mode of Notice<br/><br/>Presumption of Service of Notice : Deemed service of notice<br/><br/>No deemed service of notice<br/><br/>(ii) By the Payee or Holder in Due Course<br/><br/>Sole Proprietor as a payee/holder in due course<br/><br/>(iii) Demand for Payment<br/><br/>(iv) Notice within Statutory Period of 30 days : Sec. 138(c)<br/><br/>To whom notice is to be sent<br/><br/>As Protection to drawer<br/><br/>Cause of Action : When arises<br/><br/>Cognizance<br/><br/>(B) Conditions for taking Cognizance of Offence<br/><br/>(1) Upon a complaint : complaint case<br/><br/>Who can be Complainant<br/><br/>Complaint by holder of Power of Attorney<br/><br/>Complaint Sans (without Signature<br/><br/>Purchaser of cheque<br/><br/>Cheque drawn an a joint account<br/><br/>Endorsee far coflectaon of a cheque<br/><br/>(2) Complaint within statutory period<br/><br/>Directions<br/><br/>Premature Complaint : Before cause of Action arises<br/><br/>No complaint no cognizance : See above.<br/><br/>New law on Premature complaint<br/><br/>Premature Complaint under Section 142<br/><br/>Calculation of statutory period<br/><br/>A Controversy Resolved: As to Calculation of statutory period<br/><br/>A Controversy Resolved<br/><br/>Condonation of Delay<br/><br/>Condonation of Delay : No Retrospective effect<br/><br/>Clubomr of cases of dishonour<br/><br/>(3) By a Metropolitan Magistrate, or Magistrate of the First Class<br/><br/>Offence by Companies<br/><br/>Company as a Drawer<br/><br/>Section 141 is a Deeming Provision<br/><br/>Company’s prosecution sine qua non<br/><br/>Company must be arrayed as Principal Offender<br/><br/>Averment of in-charge of and responsible to the conduct of company—Necessary<br/><br/>At the time of commission of offence<br/><br/>Vicarious Liability<br/><br/>Constructive liability<br/><br/>Cheque drawn in personal capacity by the Managing Director<br/><br/>Defences by Officers of the Company<br/><br/>1. Without Knowledge<br/><br/>2. Exercise of due diligence<br/><br/>3. Nominated Directors<br/><br/>4. Resigned from directorship<br/><br/>5. Not duly charge<br/><br/>Jurisdiction of Court to try Cases<br/><br/>Jurisdiction : New Principle established<br/><br/>Place of presentation of cheque does not confer jurisdiction<br/><br/>Time limit to conclude trial<br/><br/>Complaint supported by sworn affidavit<br/><br/>Evidence on Affidavit : S. 145<br/><br/>Non obstante Clause<br/><br/>Summary Trial<br/><br/>Procedure for summary trials<br/><br/>Judgment in cases tried summarily<br/><br/>Compounding of offences : [Section 147]<br/><br/>Relation of S. 147 of N.I. Act and S. 320 of Cr.P.C.<br/><br/>Compounding at appellate stage<br/><br/>Guidelines for compounding of offences<br/><br/>Exception : Where Dishonour of Cheque no Offence<br/><br/>1. Dishonour of cheques other than insufficient fund<br/><br/>2. Without consideration<br/><br/>3. No debt or liability<br/><br/>4. Cheques are given as security or guarantee Cheque issued qua security<br/><br/>Liability of indeminifier<br/><br/>5. In case of compounding<br/><br/>6. Non-compliance of conditions of dishonour<br/><br/>7. Non-compliance of conditions of prosecution.<br/><br/>Section 482 of Cr.P.C. and quashing of complaints<br/><br/>Quashing of Proceedings under Section 138<br/><br/>Quashing of proceedings under Section 138 read with S. 141<br/><br/>Punishment and award of sentence<br/><br/>Award of sentence<br/><br/>Award of Compensation to the Complainant<br/><br/>Constructive approach<br/><br/>Running of sentence: Whether Concurrent or Consecutively<br/><br/>"Fast track Courts to be established<br/><br/>Object of N.I. Act defeated<br/><br/>Banks Generally used abbreviations<br/><br/>Chapter XX<br/><br/>Banking Services and Consumer Law<br/><br/>Object of Consumer Protection Act<br/><br/>Object of the Act Strengthened<br/><br/>Sections 138 and 142 are constitutional<br/><br/>Petitioner’s argument<br/><br/>‘Fallen on bad times’<br/><br/>Scope and Extent of the Act<br/><br/>(1) Additional Remedy—‘No Bar’<br/><br/>(2) Supplementary Remedy<br/><br/>(3) Alternative Remedy—‘No Bar’<br/><br/>Legislative Competence of Parliament<br/><br/>Arbitration Clause<br/><br/>Interpretation in Favour of Complainant (Consumer)<br/><br/>‘Any Other Law’ for the Time Being in Force<br/><br/>Railway Claims Tribunal Act, 1987<br/><br/>Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948<br/><br/>Construing the Provisions of the Act<br/><br/>Limitation of the Act<br/><br/>Option of Relief<br/><br/>Banking Services<br/><br/>As to cheques<br/><br/>Duty to honour cheques<br/><br/>Collection of cheques, etc.<br/><br/>Payment of cheque despite stop notice<br/><br/>Duty to inform customer if cheque returned<br/><br/>Loss of cheque delivered for collection<br/><br/>Dishonour of Cheque<br/><br/>Dishonour of cheque without justification amounts to deficiency in services<br/><br/>Dishonour of Bank Draft<br/><br/>Defective bank draft<br/><br/>Delay in issuing duplicate bank draft<br/><br/>Locker<br/><br/>Complication about locker<br/><br/>Encashment of bank guarantee and letter of credit<br/><br/>Over Draft Facility<br/><br/>Credit Card<br/><br/>Suppressing letters of credit<br/><br/>Cancellation of credit card<br/><br/>Fixed deposit service<br/><br/>Claims of Interest<br/><br/>Bank’s service charges<br/><br/>MICR Cheques (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition)<br/><br/>Operation of deceased account<br/><br/>Realisation of security<br/><br/>Withdrawal without Pass Book<br/><br/>Payment Despite Stop Payment<br/><br/>Complex question of law and fact<br/><br/>rorum is Competent to Decide Complex Cases<br/><br/>No Abuse of the Process<br/><br/>WHO CAN FILE A COMPLAINT?<br/><br/>APPEALS<br/><br/>Liability of Bank for damages<br/><br/>Need guidelines for speedy Justice : 38 Lakhs cheque bouncing cases are pending across the country<br/><br/>Annexure<br/><br/>Banking Terminology<br/><br/>Adhar Rate<br/><br/>ACH<br/><br/>Accommodation Endorsement<br/><br/>Account<br/><br/>Account Activity<br/><br/>Account Analysis<br/><br/>Account Closing<br/><br/>Account Introduction<br/><br/>Account History<br/><br/>Account Payee<br/><br/>Accrued interest<br/><br/>ARC<br/><br/>Annuity<br/><br/>Available Balance<br/><br/>Axis<br/><br/>Average Daily Balance<br/><br/>Bad Debt Recovery<br/><br/>Bad Debts Ratio<br/><br/>Bailee<br/><br/>Bn<br/><br/>Balance of Account<br/><br/>Balance Owing<br/><br/>Bank Balance<br/><br/>Bank Charges<br/><br/>Bank Debits<br/><br/>Bank Draft<br/><br/>Bank Rate 6%<br/><br/>Bank Statement<br/><br/>Banking Credit<br/><br/>Bankrupt<br/><br/>Bill of Exchange (BOE)<br/><br/>Bond Rating<br/><br/>Bridge Loan<br/><br/>C.<br/><br/>Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) 4%<br/><br/>CBS<br/><br/>Cheque<br/><br/>Cheque, Ante-dated<br/><br/>Cheque, Bearer<br/><br/>Cheque, Crossed<br/><br/>CTS<br/><br/>Cheque, Open<br/><br/>CAGR<br/><br/>Coupon<br/><br/>CDR<br/><br/>Credit Deposit Ratio (CDR)<br/><br/>Credit Risk<br/><br/>Current Account<br/><br/>Current Yield<br/><br/>CPR<br/><br/>Debit<br/><br/>Debit Card<br/><br/>Demand Deposit<br/><br/>Demand Loan<br/><br/>Deposits<br/><br/>Deposit Insurance And Credit Guarantee Corporation (DI & CGS)<br/><br/>Donee<br/><br/>DRT<br/><br/>Down Payment<br/><br/>Dwelling Unit<br/><br/>Electronic Banking<br/><br/>Electronic Clearing<br/><br/>Easy Money<br/><br/>EWS<br/><br/>Facsimile<br/><br/>Fixed Deposit Account<br/><br/>Fy<br/><br/>F.S.D.C.<br/><br/>FED<br/><br/>Foreign Currency<br/><br/>Foreign Trade<br/><br/>Forgery<br/><br/>Future Value<br/><br/>GCF<br/><br/>GDP<br/><br/>GNPA<br/><br/>IFSC<br/><br/>Interest on 360 day a year basis<br/><br/>Interest on calendar year basis<br/><br/>Internet banking<br/><br/>INBK<br/><br/>IRDA<br/><br/>Indian Bank Association (IBA)<br/><br/>MICR (Cheques)<br/><br/>Monetary Policy<br/><br/>Mortgage<br/><br/>MFIs<br/><br/>MFO<br/><br/>MSS<br/><br/>NABARD<br/><br/>N.C.C.<br/><br/>Mumbai Interbank Offered Rate (MIBOR)<br/><br/>Nationalised Banks<br/><br/>NBFCs<br/><br/>NFS<br/><br/>NEFT<br/><br/>NECS<br/><br/>NPCI<br/><br/>Nomination<br/><br/>Non-resident Accounts<br/><br/>Non-resident (External) Account<br/><br/>Non-resident (Foreign Currency) Accounts<br/><br/>Non-resident and Non-repatriable Account (NRNR)<br/><br/>NNPA<br/><br/>NPA<br/><br/>Non-Performing Account (NPA)<br/><br/>Nostro Account<br/><br/>One Time Settlement Scheme (O.T.S.)<br/><br/>Opening A Crossing<br/><br/>Order Cheque<br/><br/>Overdraft<br/><br/>p.a.<br/><br/>Pay Order<br/><br/>Pay-in-slip<br/><br/>Payment Stopped<br/><br/>Personal Loans<br/><br/>Private Banks<br/><br/>Probate<br/><br/>Promissory Note<br/><br/>PSU<br/><br/>Recurring Deposit Or Cumulative Deposit Account<br/><br/>Refer to Drawer<br/><br/>Relationship Banking<br/><br/>Repo Rate<br/><br/>Reverse Rate<br/><br/>Saving Deposit Account<br/><br/>SR<br/><br/>Standing Instructions<br/><br/>RTGS<br/><br/>CTS-2010 standard cheques<br/><br/>Stop Payment<br/><br/>SA<br/><br/>Term Deposit<br/><br/>Token<br/><br/>W3C |
| 650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| 9 (RLIN) |
12124 |
| Topical term or geographic name entry element |
India; Banking Law; |
| 700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
|---|
| 9 (RLIN) |
12125 |
| Personal name |
Chaudhary, Suman Lata |
| 856 ## - ELECTRONIC LOCATION AND ACCESS |
|---|
| Uniform Resource Identifier |
<a href="https://www.clplawbooks.com/book_detail/331#specifications">https://www.clplawbooks.com/book_detail/331#specifications</a> |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
|---|
| Source of classification or shelving scheme |
Dewey Decimal Classification |
| Koha item type |
Reference Book |
| Edition |
23rd |
| Classification part |
346.54082 |
| Call number suffix |
CHA |
