| General note |
It includes Index Pages.<br/><br/>Description:<br/>A scholarly work by Dr. N.V. Paranjape, providing a clear and comprehensive explanation of the basic principles of Criminology, Penology and Victimology. The author has endeavoured to bring out this edition in a thoroughly revised form with all relevant statutory amendments and authoritative decisions on the subject. An attempt has been made to evaluate the latest developing trends in the field, taking stock of contemporary changes of the new millennium which are taking place in other parts of the globe notably, Britain and United States without, however, losing sight of the Indian perspective. Accessibly written for a wide audience, the book serves as a definitive reference for scholars and a broad survey for students in criminology and criminal justice. <br/><br/>CONTENTS<br/><br/>PART I<br/><br/>CRIMINOLOGY<br/><br/>Chapter I<br/><br/>The Concept of Crime<br/><br/>Early concept of crime<br/><br/>Eighteenth And Nineteenth Century<br/><br/>Twentieth Century<br/><br/>Crime defined<br/><br/>Predatory Crime<br/><br/>Violent Crime<br/><br/>Incohate Crime<br/><br/>Hate Crime<br/><br/>Crime without a Victim<br/><br/>Classification of Crimes<br/><br/>Classification of offences under I.P.C.<br/><br/>Characteristics of Crime<br/><br/>Sin and Crime Distinguished<br/><br/>Crime and Morality<br/><br/>Conclusion<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter II<br/><br/>Nature and Scope of Criminology<br/><br/>Definition of Criminology<br/><br/>Criminology-Its Nature and Scope<br/><br/>Inter-Relation between Criminology, Penology and Victimology<br/><br/>Criminal Law-Its Nature and Elements<br/><br/>Perception of Criminal Law in Ancient India<br/><br/>Fundamentals of Modern Criminal Law<br/><br/>Sociology of Criminal Law<br/><br/>The purpose of Criminal Law<br/><br/>The Concept of Crime<br/><br/>Intention and motive distinguished<br/><br/>Criminology-Its importance<br/><br/>Objective of Criminology<br/><br/>Indian Concept of Criminology<br/><br/>Radical Criminology<br/><br/>Possibility of Science of Criminology<br/><br/>Neo-Criminology<br/><br/>Penology-Its future<br/><br/>Approach to Penology<br/><br/>Caution against Excessive Reformation<br/><br/>Victimology<br/><br/> <br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter III<br/><br/>The Schools of Criminology<br/><br/>1. Pre-classical School of Criminology<br/><br/>2. The Classical School<br/><br/>3. Neo-classical School<br/><br/>4. Positive School<br/><br/>Cesare Lombroso (1836-1909)<br/>Enrico Ferri (1856-1928)<br/>Raffaele Garofalo (1852-1934)<br/>Gabriel Tarde (1843-94)<br/>An appraisal of Positive School of Criminology<br/><br/>5. Clinical School of Criminology<br/><br/>6. Sociological School of Criminology<br/><br/>7. Control Theory of Crime<br/><br/>The Modern Criminology<br/>Social Learning Theory<br/>Modern Labeling Theory of Crime<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter IV<br/><br/>Causation of Crime<br/><br/>Heredity and Crime<br/><br/>Mental Disorder and Criminal Responsibility<br/>Insanity under Indian Criminal Law<br/><br/>Bio-physical factors and criminality<br/><br/>Intelligence Testing and Crime<br/><br/> Mental retardation<br/><br/> Mental Illness<br/><br/>American View on Personality-type of Criminals<br/><br/>Earnest Hooton’s View<br/><br/>Sheldon’s Views on Criminality<br/><br/>Donald Taft<br/><br/>Freud’s theory of Criminal Behaviour<br/><br/>Glueck’s Psychiatric Theory of Crime<br/><br/>Psychological concept of crime<br/><br/>Aristotle’s Four Laws of Association<br/><br/>Conflict Theory of Crime<br/><br/>Gender-based Explanations of Female Criminality<br/><br/>Group Therapy<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter V<br/><br/>Sociological Theory of Crime<br/><br/>Sociological Theory of Criminal Behaviour<br/><br/>Theory of Differential Association<br/><br/>Multiple Factor Approach to Crime Causation<br/><br/>(1) Mobility<br/><br/>(2) Culture Conflicts<br/>Sub-Culture<br/><br/>(3) Family Background<br/><br/>(4) Political Ideology<br/><br/>(5) Religion and Crime<br/><br/>(6) Economic Conditions<br/><br/>(7) Ecology of Crime<br/><br/>(8) Influence of Media<br/><br/>Crimes in Urban and Rural Areas<br/><br/>Neighborhood influences<br/><br/>Conclusion<br/><br/>Chapter VI<br/><br/>Tentative Theory of Crime<br/><br/>Criminality as a part of social behavior<br/><br/>Cultural Transmission Theory<br/><br/>Socio-cultural patterns and Criminal behavior<br/><br/>Tribals Norms and Criminality<br/><br/>Social Disorganisation Theory of Crime<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter VII<br/><br/>Crime and Economic Conditions<br/><br/>Relationship between economic structure and crimes<br/><br/>Marxists Theory<br/><br/>Bonger’s Economic Theory of Criminality<br/><br/>Criticism of Bonger’s Theory<br/><br/>Limitations of economic explanation of crime<br/><br/>Correlation between Poverty and Terrorism<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter VIII<br/><br/>Organised Crimes<br/><br/>Definition<br/><br/>(1) Organized predatory crime<br/><br/>(2) Crime Syndicate<br/><br/>(3) Criminal Racket<br/> Other Criminal Rackets<br/><br/>(4) Political Graft<br/><br/>Main characteristics of organized criminals<br/><br/>Organised Crime in Insurance Sector<br/>Organised Wildlife Skin Trading<br/><br/>Collective Violence<br/><br/>Definition of Collective Violence<br/><br/>Preventive Measures to reduce the potential for collective violence<br/><br/>Theories of Collective Violence<br/><br/>Communal Violence<br/><br/>Terrorism & Related International Crimes<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter IX<br/><br/>White Collar Crime<br/><br/>Historical Background<br/><br/>Definition of White Collar Crime<br/><br/>Classification of White Collar Crimes<br/><br/>Criticism of Sutherland’s views on White Collar Crime<br/>Contributing Factors<br/><br/>White Collar Crime in India<br/><br/>Hoarding, Black-Marketing and Adulteration<br/><br/>Drug Trafficking as White Collar Crime<br/><br/>Tax-evasion<br/><br/>White Collar Crime in certain Professions<br/><br/>Medical profession<br/><br/>Engineering<br/><br/>Legal profession<br/><br/>Educational Institutions<br/><br/>White collar crime in business deals<br/><br/>Fake Employment Placement Rackets<br/><br/>White collar crime distinguished from conventional crime<br/>Judicial Response<br/><br/>Remedial Measures<br/><br/>Crussade Against Corrupton<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter X<br/><br/>Cyber Crimes<br/><br/>Cyber Crime-Definition<br/><br/>Nature of Cyber Crime<br/><br/>Reasons for Cyber Crimes<br/><br/>Viruses<br/><br/>Virus Hoax<br/><br/>1. Computer as target of the crime<br/><br/>2. Computer as an Instrument Facilitating Crime<br/><br/>Traditional Classification<br/><br/>General Classification<br/><br/>Hacking<br/><br/>E-mail spoofing<br/><br/>Computer Vandalism<br/><br/>Cyber Terrorism<br/><br/>Cyber Pornography<br/><br/>Cyber Defamation<br/><br/>E-mail Frauds (Spam)<br/><br/>Money Laundering<br/><br/>Data diddling<br/><br/>Intellectual Property Crimes<br/><br/>Preventive Legal Measures Against Cyber Crime<br/><br/>Information Technology Act, 2000<br/><br/>The Information Technology Act, 2000<br/><br/>Offences under I.T. Act, 2000<br/><br/>Government Surveillance under Cyber Law<br/><br/>Investigation of Cyber Crimes<br/><br/>Adjudicating Officer<br/><br/>Cyber Appellate Tribunal<br/><br/>Judicial Response to Cyber crimes<br/><br/>International Perspective of Cyber Law<br/><br/>United States Cyber Law<br/><br/>Australian Cyber Law<br/><br/>Japanese Cyber Law<br/><br/>U.K. Computer Act<br/><br/>French Computer Crime Law<br/><br/>Chinese Cyber Law<br/><br/>Mauritius Cyber Law<br/><br/>Sri Lanka’s Cyber Crime Law<br/><br/>Pakistan<br/><br/>Bangladesh Cyber Law<br/><br/>Impact of Cyber Crimes<br/><br/>Precautionary Measures for Protection Against Cyber Crime<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter XI<br/><br/>Sexual Offences<br/><br/>Indian Perspective<br/><br/>Causes of Sex Delinquency<br/><br/>Remedial Measures<br/><br/>Crimes Against Woman<br/><br/>(1) Crimes against women under IPC<br/><br/>(2) Crimes against women under the special enactments<br/><br/>Incest<br/><br/>Homosexuals<br/><br/>Contraceptives-A Boon to Sex Offenders<br/><br/>Law Relating to Abortion in India<br/><br/>Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971<br/><br/>The Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994<br/><br/>Foeticide<br/><br/>The Problem of Prostitution<br/><br/>The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956<br/><br/>International Dimensions of Human Trafficking<br/><br/>Rescue Homes For Destitute Women<br/><br/>Sex Ethics<br/><br/> Cruelty Against Woman by Husband or his Relatives<br/><br/> Domestic Violence Against Women<br/><br/> The Protection of Women From Domestic Violence Act, 2005<br/><br/> Protection Order that may be Passed under Section 18<br/><br/> Residence Order under Section 19<br/><br/> Monetary Reliefs to the Aggrieved Person (Section 20)<br/>Counseling<br/><br/>Socio-Legal Perspective of PWDVA Act, 2005<br/><br/>‘Live in Relationship’ And Protection of Women from Domestic Violence<br/><br/>Sexual Harassment of Women at Work Places<br/><br/>What Constitutes Sexual harassment at Workplace<br/><br/>Dowry And Dowry Deaths<br/><br/>Protection of Women Against Possible Sex Harassment by Police Personnel :<br/><br/>Amendments of Law Relating to Rape :<br/><br/>Law relating to Rape as amended by the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013<br/><br/>Law Relating to Rape Needs to redefine Gender identities<br/><br/>Gang Rape<br/><br/>Other Changes Introduced by The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013<br/><br/>Relevant Cases<br/><br/>Marital Rape<br/><br/>Outraging Modesty of Women (Section 354)<br/><br/>Sexual Abuse of Children<br/><br/>Child’s Right Act, 2006<br/><br/>The Protection of Children From Sexual Offences Act, 2012<br/><br/>Acid Attack as an Offence (Sec. 326A of IPC)<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter XII<br/><br/>Alcoholism, Drug Addiction and Crime<br/><br/>Main Causes of Drug Addition<br/><br/>International Perspective of the Problem<br/><br/>Illicit Drug Trafficking<br/><br/>On-Line Drug Trafficking-A Menace<br/><br/>Classification of Drugs<br/><br/> Narcotic drugs statistics for the year 2018<br/><br/> Agency-wise Quantity Seized (in Kgs.) in the year 2018<br/><br/>Alcoholism<br/><br/>Drug-Addicts and Crime<br/><br/>Indian Law<br/><br/>Measures to Control Alcoholism & Drug Addiction<br/><br/>Enforcement Agencies<br/><br/>Remedial Measures<br/><br/>Drunkenness and Criminal Responsibility<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter XIII<br/><br/>Crime Statistics<br/><br/>Reliability of Crime Statistics<br/><br/>Sources of Criminal Statistics<br/><br/>National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB)<br/><br/>Crime Statistics in India<br/><br/> Table Showing IPC Crimes (State/UT-wise) During 2014-16<br/> Table showing (crime-wise) Offences During 2014-2016<br/><br/> Table Showing Special & Local Laws Crimes 2014-2016<br/><br/> SLL Crimes-2014-2016<br/><br/>Conclusion<br/><br/> <br/><br/>PART II<br/><br/>PENOLOGY<br/><br/>Chapter XIV<br/><br/>Theories of Punishment<br/><br/>Penology<br/><br/>Punishment<br/><br/>Concept of Punishment<br/><br/>Justification for Punishment<br/><br/>Theories of Punishment<br/><br/>Deterrent Theory<br/><br/>Retributive Theory<br/><br/>Preventive Theory<br/><br/>Reformative Theory<br/><br/>Efficacy of Punishment<br/><br/>Early Stages<br/><br/>Medieval Period<br/><br/>Rationalisation of Punishment<br/><br/>Modern or New Penology<br/><br/>Indian Perspective<br/><br/>Protection to Witnesses in Criminal Trials<br/><br/>Essentials of an Ideal Penal System<br/><br/>Penal Policy in India<br/><br/>Crime and Punishment : Need for a Re-look<br/><br/>Concluding Observation<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter XV<br/><br/>Forms of Punishment and Judicial Sentencing<br/><br/>Dharmashastra Interpretation of Punishment<br/><br/>‘Punishment’-Defined<br/><br/>Constraints in the use of punishment<br/><br/>Forms of Punishment<br/><br/>Flogging<br/><br/>Mutilation<br/><br/>Branding<br/><br/>Stoning<br/><br/>Pillory<br/><br/>Amercement<br/><br/>Fines<br/><br/>Forfeiture of Property<br/><br/>Collateral Sanctions (or Penalties)<br/><br/>Security Bond<br/><br/>Ostracism<br/><br/>Blanket Civil Death<br/><br/>Exile<br/><br/>Banishment<br/><br/>Solitary Confinement<br/><br/>Detention<br/><br/>House Arrest<br/><br/>Custodial Sentence<br/><br/>Imprisonment for Life<br/><br/>Life imprisonment as an alternative punishment to Death sentence Imprisonment<br/><br/>Capital punishment<br/><br/>Judicial Sentencing<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter XVI<br/><br/>Capital Punishment<br/><br/>Retributive Effect of Death Penalty<br/><br/>Deterrent Effect of Capital Punishment<br/><br/>Capital Punishment in Ancient Rome and Greece<br/><br/>English Law on Death Penalty<br/><br/>Ceylon<br/><br/>The Italian view<br/><br/>France<br/><br/>Death Sentence in U.S.A.<br/><br/>Global Perspective of Death Sentence<br/><br/>Safeguards against possibility of Miscarriage of justice due to irrevocability of Capital Punishment<br/><br/>Arguments ‘for’ death penalty (Retentionist’s view)<br/><br/>Arguments ‘against’ death sentence (Abolitionist’s view)<br/><br/>Capital punishment in India<br/><br/>Retention of Capital Punishment-How far justified<br/><br/>Retention preferred to Abolition<br/><br/>Law Commission’s Report on Capital Punishment Suicide as an offence<br/><br/>Should Euthanasia be legalized<br/><br/>Indian Position<br/><br/>Offences punishable with death sentence under IPC.<br/><br/>Indian Law on Death Penalty<br/><br/>Judicial Trend<br/><br/>Delay in execution of Death Sentence<br/><br/>Mode of Execution of Death Sentence<br/><br/>An Overview<br/><br/>Conclusion<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter XVII<br/><br/>The Police System<br/><br/>Origin of Police<br/><br/>Development of Police Organisation<br/><br/>America<br/><br/>Police Force in India<br/><br/>The Police set-up<br/><br/> Police Organisation Under the State Government<br/><br/> Police organization under Central Government<br/><br/>Police Commissioners<br/><br/>The Women Police<br/><br/>Offences which can be Registered and Investigated by Women Police<br/><br/>Home Guard Police<br/><br/>Preparatory Police Training Programme<br/><br/>The Problems of Police<br/><br/>Principles of Policing<br/><br/>The Role of Police<br/><br/>Legal Functions of Police<br/><br/>(1) Patrolling and Surveillance<br/><br/>(2) Preventive Functions-(Making arrests)<br/><br/>(3) First Information Report<br/><br/>(4) Conditional Release of Accused on Bond etc.<br/><br/>(5) Investigation by Police<br/><br/>(6) Interrogation of Offenders & Suspects<br/><br/>Modern Techniques of Interrogation<br/><br/>(7) Search and Seizure<br/><br/>(8) Maintain Inquest Register<br/><br/>(9) To Assist the Prosecutor<br/><br/>(10) Identification etc.<br/><br/>(11) Control of Juvenile Delinquency<br/><br/>(12)General Welfare Functions<br/><br/>Duties of Civil Police<br/><br/>Rural Policing in India<br/><br/>Police Welfare Centres<br/><br/>The National Police Commission<br/><br/>Justice Verma Committee (December 2012)<br/><br/>Police Custodial Torture (Human Rights Violation)<br/><br/>Reasons of Deaths in Police Custody<br/><br/>Supreme Court’s Directives for avoidance of Custodial Crimes<br/><br/>Police-Public Co-operation<br/><br/>NHRC Guidelines on Police-Public Relations<br/><br/>Police Advisory Committees<br/><br/>Judiciary’s Attitude Towards Police<br/><br/>Citizen’s Voluntary Force<br/><br/>Modernization of Police<br/><br/>Malimath Committee Report on Police Functioning<br/><br/>Smart Police Vision<br/><br/>The Police Sniffer Dogs<br/><br/>INTERPOL<br/><br/>International Perspective of the Police<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter XVIII<br/><br/>The Criminal Law Courts<br/><br/>Adversarial and Inquisitorial Systems<br/><br/>Court’s Role in Dispensation of Criminal Justice<br/><br/>The British Criminal Law Courts<br/><br/>Trial by Jury<br/><br/>The American Criminal Law Courts<br/><br/>Plea Bargaining & Plea of NOLO Contendere<br/><br/>Prosecuting Attorney (Prosecutor)<br/><br/>Video-Conferencing in American Courts<br/><br/>Criminal Law Courts in Ancient India<br/><br/>Criminal Court’s of Medieval Period<br/><br/>Criminal Courts of British India<br/><br/>Criminal Court of India after Independence<br/><br/>The Nyaya Panchayats<br/><br/>Lok Adalats<br/><br/>Cognizance of Cases by Lok Adalat<br/><br/>The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987<br/><br/>Lok Adalats for Under-trial Prisoners<br/><br/>SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989<br/><br/>Law Relating to Bail<br/><br/>Role of Investigating Agencies<br/><br/>The Court of Criminal Trial<br/><br/>Trial Proceedings<br/><br/>The object of Criminal Trials<br/><br/>The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973<br/><br/>Code of Criminal Procedure (Amendment) Act, 2005<br/><br/>Functions of Criminal Law Court<br/><br/>Deficiencies in Working of the Criminal Law Courts<br/><br/>Control over Criminal Law Courts<br/><br/>e-Courts<br/><br/>Videoconferencing<br/><br/>Judicial Data Grid<br/><br/>Fast Track Courts<br/><br/>Plea for Setting up a Judicial Ombudsman<br/><br/>Need for International Criminal Court<br/><br/>Concluding Observation<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter XIX<br/><br/>The Prison Administration<br/><br/>The American Prison System<br/><br/>Penn’s Charter of 1862<br/><br/>The Pennsylvanian System<br/><br/>The Auburn System<br/><br/>The Elmira Reformatory<br/><br/>The Illionis Prison, 1933<br/><br/>The British Prison System<br/><br/>The Beginning of Prison-Reforms in U.K.<br/><br/>Transportation of British Prisoners to Colonies in America and Australia<br/><br/>The Standard Minimum Rules for Treatment of Prisoners Contribution of Sir Lionel Fox to Prision Reforms in UK<br/><br/>The Modern British Prison System<br/><br/>The Russian Prisons<br/><br/>International Penal and Penitentiary Commission and Prison Reforms<br/><br/>Prisons in Ancient India<br/><br/>Prisons in British India<br/><br/>Indian Jail Reforms Committee 1919-20<br/><br/>Indian Prison onwards 1950<br/><br/>Reformative Measures for Prison Inmates<br/><br/>Plea for setting up Prison Panel<br/><br/>Role of Prisons in Modern Penology<br/><br/>Prison Problems<br/><br/>The problem of Overcrowding in Prisons<br/><br/>The Problem of Prison Discipline<br/><br/>The Problem of Prisoners’ Health<br/><br/>The Problem of Criminality in Prisons<br/><br/>Self-Government in Prisons<br/><br/>Prison Labour<br/><br/>The Prison Community<br/><br/>Classification of Prisoners<br/><br/>Overall Statistical View of Indian Prisons<br/><br/>Prison Population in 2017<br/><br/>Jail Reform Committee’s (1980-83) View on Classification of prisoners<br/><br/>Prison Rules<br/><br/>Rights of Prisoners<br/><br/>The Problem of Undertrial Prisoners<br/><br/>Under-Trial Review Committee, 2013<br/><br/>Prison Authorities to inform undertrials about their legal rights<br/><br/>Bar Against Handcuffing<br/><br/>Solitary Confinement<br/><br/>Prison Reforms<br/><br/>Transfer of Dreaded Prisoners to Another State’s Jail<br/><br/>Problem of Overcrowding of Prisoners<br/><br/>Custodial Torture in Prisons<br/><br/>Judicial Mandates Regarding prisoners & Detenues<br/><br/>Judicial Directives for Prison Administration<br/><br/>Rehabilition of Prisoners<br/><br/>After-care of released prisoners<br/><br/>The Repatriation of Prisoners Act, 2003<br/><br/>Prisoners Management System<br/><br/>Model Prison Manual, 2016<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter XX<br/><br/>Open Prisons<br/><br/>Definition of Open Prison<br/><br/>Origin of Open prisons<br/><br/>Open Prisons in U.S.A.<br/><br/>The Californian Prison Farms<br/><br/>The Philosophy underlying Open Prisons in USA<br/><br/>International Perspective<br/><br/>Open Prison Institutions in European Countries<br/><br/>Netherlands (Holland)<br/><br/>France<br/><br/>Norway and Sweden<br/><br/>Educative Reformative Work in Hungary<br/><br/>Australia<br/><br/>Thailand<br/><br/>Middle-East Countries<br/><br/>Open Air Camps in India<br/><br/>Origin and Development<br/><br/>Main Characteristics of Open Prisons<br/><br/>Advantages of open prisons<br/><br/>Open Air Prisons in Different States if India<br/><br/>Early Sampurnanand Camps in U.P.<br/><br/>1. Sampurnanand Camp, Chakiya<br/><br/>2. Sampurnanand Camp, Naugarh<br/><br/>3. Sampurnanand Camp, Shahgarh<br/><br/>4. The Saraya Ghat Camp (Varanasi)<br/><br/>Sampurnanand Agricultural-cum-Industrial Camp, Sitarganj<br/><br/> (district Nainital), Uttaranchal<br/><br/>Open Air Camp in India at Durgapur<br/><br/>Open Prisons in Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh<br/><br/>Nav Jiwan Shivir at Mungaoli (Madhya Pradesh)<br/><br/>Nav Jiwan Shivir at Lakhimpur (M.P.)<br/><br/>Open Prison, Hoshangabad (M.P.)<br/><br/>Critical Appreciation<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter XXI<br/><br/>Executive Clemency, Good Time Laws<br/><br/>And Indeterminate Sentence<br/><br/>Pardoning Power<br/><br/>Disposal of Mercy Petitions During 1950-2016<br/><br/>Scope of Judicial Review of Pardon Power<br/><br/>Commutation of Sentence<br/><br/>Amnesty<br/><br/>“Good Time” Laws<br/><br/>“Good Time” Laws in India<br/><br/>Indeterminate Sentence<br/><br/>Origin of Indeterminate Sentence<br/><br/>Critical Appreciation of Indeterminate Sentence<br/><br/> Merits<br/><br/> Demerits<br/><br/>Suspended Sentence<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter XXII<br/><br/>Parole<br/><br/>The Concept of Parole<br/><br/>Definition of Parole<br/><br/>Parole and Indeterminate Sentence-Distinguished<br/><br/>Parole and Probation Compared<br/><br/>Parole Distinguished from Furlough<br/><br/>Origin of Parole in U.S.A.<br/><br/>The Educative Reformative Scheme in Hungary<br/><br/>The British Parole System<br/><br/>Parole in India<br/><br/>Structural set up of Parole Boards and their Functions<br/><br/>Conditions of Parole<br/><br/>Delhi Parole/Furlough Guidelines, 2010<br/><br/>Parole/Furlough Under the Delhi Jail manual, 2018<br/><br/>Judicial Trend<br/><br/>Parole Violation<br/><br/>Essentials of an Ideal Parole System<br/><br/>The Object of Parole<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter XXIII<br/><br/>Probation of Offenders<br/><br/>Concept and Definition of Probation<br/><br/>Probation is a Conditional Suspension of Sentence<br/><br/>Object of Probation<br/><br/>Probation and Suspended Sentence-Distinguished<br/><br/>Origin of the Probation System<br/><br/>Probation in U.S.A.<br/><br/>Probation in U.K.<br/><br/>Probation in European Countries<br/><br/>Probation in Sweden<br/><br/>Probation System in Japan<br/><br/>Probation in India<br/><br/>Historical Perspective of probation Law in India<br/><br/>Legislative History of Probation Law in India<br/><br/>The Probation of Offenders Act, 1958<br/><br/>Procedure<br/><br/>Other Enactments<br/><br/>Scope of Probation under Section 360 of Cr. P.C. and Probation of Offenders Act compared<br/><br/>Judicial Trend<br/><br/>No Release on Probation in Sexual Offences<br/><br/>No Benefit of Release on probation for Accused who has Criminal Antecedents<br/><br/>Probation in Assault and Injury cases<br/><br/>Removal of Disqualification attached to Conviction<br/><br/>Applicability of Probation Law in Public Welfare offences<br/><br/>No Probation for Convicted Corrupt Persons<br/><br/>Age of the Offender<br/><br/>Pre-sentence Report<br/><br/>The Place of Probation in the Penal Policy<br/><br/>Major Function of the Probation Officer<br/><br/>Protection to probation Officer for acts done in good faith<br/><br/>Critical Appreciation of probation as a Correctional Measure<br/><br/>Some useful Suggestions<br/><br/>Public Participation in Probation Service<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter XXIV<br/><br/>Juvenile Deliaquency<br/><br/>Movement for Juvenile Justice<br/><br/>Juvenile Delinquency-What it means?<br/><br/>How Juvenile Justice System is different from Criminal Justice System<br/><br/>Causes of Juvenile Delinquency<br/><br/>Juvenile Justice in U.K.<br/><br/>Juvenile Justice in U.S.A.<br/><br/>Juvenile Delinquency in other Countries<br/><br/>International Concern for Juvenile Justice<br/><br/>Juvenile Justice in India<br/><br/>Historical Conspectus of Juvenile Justice Law in India<br/><br/>The Juvenile Justice Act, 1986 (repealed by J.J. Act, 2000)<br/><br/>The Juvenile Justice (Care and protection of Children) Act, 2015<br/><br/>Claim of Juvenility<br/><br/>The Basis for deciding Juvenility<br/><br/>Relevant date as to determination of age of the Juvenile in conflict with law is the date on which offence is committed and not the date on which the juvenile is brought before the Court for trial.<br/><br/>Juvenile Justice Board<br/><br/>Special Procedure of the Juvenile Justice Board<br/><br/>Release of Juvenile on Bail<br/><br/>Dispositional Order<br/><br/>Release of Juvenile on Probation<br/><br/>Orders which the Juvenile Justice Board cannot make :<br/><br/>Removal of Disqualification attaching to Conviction of Juvenile<br/><br/>Pending cases-Disposal of<br/><br/>Crimes against Juveniles and Penalties for them<br/><br/>Children in need of Care & Protection<br/><br/>Social Reintegration of Juveniles in Conflict with Law and<br/><br/>Neglected Children<br/><br/>Miscellaneous provisions Concerning Juvenile Justice Administration<br/><br/>Main features of Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection of Children)<br/><br/>Amendment Act, 2015<br/><br/>Special Juvenile Police Units<br/><br/>Trial of Juveniles where there is no Juvenile Court (Now Juvenile Justice Board)<br/><br/>An Appraisal of the Juvenile Justice System in India<br/><br/>Treatment of Juvenile in Conflict with law and Children in Need of Care & Protection<br/><br/>Observation Homes<br/><br/>Special Homes or Correction Homes<br/><br/>Certified Schools<br/><br/>Separate Schools & Hostels for the Children of Prostitutes<br/><br/>Borstals<br/><br/>Borstal system in India<br/><br/>Clinical Service can Serve Best to prevent Juvenile Delinquency<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter XXV<br/><br/>Recidivism<br/><br/>Who is a Recidivist?<br/><br/>Causes of Recidivism<br/><br/>Recidivism-Psychological Perspective<br/><br/>Recidivistic Offenders<br/><br/>Measures to combat Recidivism<br/><br/>Recidivism in India<br/><br/> Table Showing Recidivists Convicted During 2010-2017<br/><br/>Supreme Court on Recidivism :<br/><br/>Prevention of Recidivism<br/><br/> <br/><br/>Chapter XXVI<br/><br/>Crime Prevention<br/><br/>The Present Scenario<br/><br/>Distinction between Crime Prevention and Treatment<br/><br/>Prevention of Juvenile Crimes<br/><br/>Suggested changes in Criminal law & Procedure<br/><br/>Problems involved in Crime Prevention<br/><br/>Widespread Corruption<br/><br/>Evolving Cyber Crimes<br/><br/>Politicalisation of democratic institutions<br/><br/>Terrorism<br/><br/>International perspective of Crime Prevention<br/><br/>United Nations Congresses on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders<br/><br/>The First Congress 1955 (Geneva)<br/><br/>The Second Congress 1960 (London)<br/><br/>The third Congress 1965 (Stockholm)<br/><br/>The Fourth Congress 1970 (Kyoto)<br/><br/>The Fifth Congress 1975 (Geneva)<br/><br/>The Sixth Congress 1980 (Caracas)<br/><br/>The Seventh Congress, 1985 (Milan)<br/><br/>The Eighth Congress 1990 (Havana)<br/><br/>The Ninth Congress 1995 (Cairo)<br/><br/>The Tenth Congress 2000 (Vienna)<br/><br/>The Eleventh congress, 2005 (Bangkok, Thailand)<br/><br/>The Twelfth UN Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (Salvador, Brazil) 2010<br/><br/>The Thirteenth UN Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (Doha, Qatar) 2015<br/><br/>Concluding Observations<br/><br/> <br/><br/>PART III<br/><br/>VICTIMOLOGY<br/><br/>Chapter XXVII<br/><br/>Victimology<br/><br/>Victimology-Definition & Meaning<br/><br/>Historical Perspective<br/><br/>UN Declaration of Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime & Abuse of Power (1985)<br/><br/>Victimological Developments in Indian Criminal Law Jurisprudence Justice malimath Committee Report (2003)<br/><br/>Theories of Victimology<br/><br/>‘Penal Couple’ concept<br/><br/>Victims of Crime<br/><br/>1. Victims of Crime<br/><br/>2. Victims of Abuse of Power<br/><br/>Providing Redress to Victims<br/><br/>Victims<br/><br/>Impact of Victimization<br/><br/>Psychological impact<br/><br/>Secondary Victimization From Criminal Justice and Society<br/><br/>Persons with disabilities as victims of crime<br/><br/>Restorative Justice for Crime victims<br/><br/>Victim’s Assistance programme<br/><br/>Advisory Group<br/><br/>Type of Services<br/><br/>Safeguarding Victim’s Rights through Legal Reforms<br/><br/>Care and Protection of Victims in other Countries<br/><br/>South Asian Society of Criminology & Victimology (SASCV)<br/><br/>Victims of Crime Act, 1996 (CANADA)<br/><br/>UN General Assembly Resolution on Restitution and Compensation, 2005<br/><br/>Victims of Crime-Indian Position<br/><br/>Victims of Rape<br/><br/>Compensatory relief to victims<br/><br/>Compensatory Provisions in Cr. P.C.<br/><br/>Compensation under Probation of Offenders Act, 1958<br/><br/>Compensation to victim under Motor Vehicle Act, 1988<br/><br/>Compensation for SC/ST victims of Crime Raised<br/><br/>Compensatory Relief to Victims-Judicial Trend<br/><br/>Victims right to Partake in Criminal Proceedings<br/><br/> <br/><br/>APPENDICES<br/><br/> <br/><br/>I. The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967<br/><br/>II. The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013<br/><br/>III. The Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2018<br/><br/>IV. The Protection of Children From Sexual Offences Act, 2012<br/><br/>V. The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956<br/><br/>VI. The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961<br/><br/>VII. The probation of Offenders Act, 1958<br/><br/>VIII. The Juvenile (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015<br/><br/>IX. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 |
