| Target audience note |
It includes Preface, Select Bibliography, Abbreviations, Contents, Introduction, Table of Cases, Chapters, and Appendix pages etc..<br/>Description:<br/>ABOUT THE BOOK<br/><br/><br/>• The book provides a comprehensive coverage of Consumer Protection Act, 2019. <br/><br/>• It seeks to analyse the issues and problems relating to Consumer Justice in wider perspective along with relevant case laws handed down by Courts and Consumer Forums from time to time. <br/><br/>• The book is presented in the form of section wise commentary incorporating latest materials, while the provisions of the Act have been supplemented by illustrations and leading judicial pronouncements. <br/><br/>• The book shall be useful to students of law, commerce and business management to grasp the salient provisions of consumer law, its applicability and scope in a coherent manner. <br/><br/>• It will be equally useful to business entrepreneurs, practicing lawyers, managers and all those who are handling consumer cases.<br/><br/>Characterization:<br/>Contents<br/><br/>INTRODUCTION<br/><br/>The era of laissez faire<br/><br/>Effect of advertisements on consumers<br/><br/>Brief history of Consumer Law<br/><br/>Genesis of Consumer Protection Laws<br/><br/>The Consumer Protection Act, 1986<br/><br/>Main Objective of the Consumer Protection Act of 1986<br/><br/>The Basic Rights of Consumers Sought to be Protected<br/><br/>Need for Consumer Law<br/><br/>Consumer Disputes Redressal FORA<br/><br/>Reliefs available under the Act<br/><br/>Appeal by aggrieved party<br/><br/>Consumer Protection Law of the New Millennium<br/><br/>The Consumer Protection (Amendment) Act, 2003—Highlights<br/><br/>The Consumer Protection Act, 2019<br/><br/>The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 and The Consumer<br/><br/>Protection Act, 2019 : Comparative Chart<br/><br/>PRELIMINARY<br/><br/>1. Short title, extent, commencement and application<br/><br/>Extent and application of the Act<br/><br/>Salient Features of the 2019 Act<br/><br/>2. Definitions<br/><br/>CLAUSE-WISE COMMENTS ON SPECIFIC DEFINITIONS<br/><br/>‘Appropriate Laboratory’ [Section 2(2)]<br/><br/>Complainant [Section 2(5)]<br/><br/>Closure of Bank Account<br/><br/>Builder<br/><br/>Beneficiary of Services<br/><br/>Fresh complaint not permissible directly before the National Commission<br/><br/>Lump-sum purchase for resale or trading—Not consumer<br/><br/>Locus standi<br/><br/>Estoppel<br/><br/>Housing activities are covered under Consumer Protection Act<br/><br/>Government Servant under CGHS not a consumer<br/><br/>Maintainability of cause before Fora<br/><br/>Complaint : [Section 2(6)]<br/><br/>Complaint against Airlines<br/><br/>Complaint against Bank<br/><br/>Complaint against defective goods<br/><br/>Complaint against Railways<br/><br/>Complaint maintainable where causes of action are different<br/><br/>A Trust cannot be a Complainant Matter sub-judice not maintainable before Consumer<br/><br/>Forum/Commission<br/><br/>Supreme Court's guidelines to Consumer Fora for speedy disposal of complaints<br/><br/>Conditions when complaint is maintainable<br/><br/>When the complaint is not maintainable<br/><br/>Consumer [Section 2(7)]<br/><br/>Highway users not consumers<br/><br/>Tenant is not a consumer<br/><br/>Widow is ‘consumer’ for insurance company<br/><br/>A Person Purchasing goods for Commercial Purposes is not a consumer<br/><br/>Agents are not consumers<br/><br/>Acceptance of Tender of the complainant does not make him a consumer<br/><br/>Borrowing (loan) from Bank does not make the borrower a customer of the Bank for the purpose of Consumer Protection Act<br/><br/>Investor in UTI Schemes is a consumer<br/><br/>Bank cannot be a consumer<br/><br/>Book Seller is not a consumer hence his complaint is bound to be dismissed<br/><br/>Student is a consumer for University/Board<br/><br/>A Charitable Society or a Trust is a consumer<br/><br/>Position of Beneficiary as a consumer<br/><br/>Involuntary Consumers<br/><br/>‘Consumer Dispute’ [Section 2(8)]<br/><br/>Death due to live electric wire lying unattended on the road<br/><br/>Dispute regarding grant of licence for sheds-not a consumer dispute<br/><br/>Payment of Application fee for the post advertised does not make the applicant a consumer<br/><br/>Mob-violence in a railway reserved bogie—railways held liable for deficiency in service<br/><br/>‘Defect’ [Section 2(10)]<br/><br/>Books with basic mistake and incorrect information are ‘defective goods’ within the meaning of Section 2(10) of Consumer Protection Act, 2019<br/><br/>Defect in soft drink<br/><br/>Adulterated cooking oil actionable as ‘defective goods’<br/><br/>Motor Vehicle defective<br/><br/>False news in newspaper does not make it as defective newspaper<br/><br/>Defect within warranty period entitles for compensation<br/><br/>‘Deficiency’: [Section 2(11)]<br/><br/>Carrot seed<br/><br/>Airport Escalator not functioning properly<br/><br/>Deficiency in service in Bank cases<br/><br/>Non-issue of passbook by Bank amounts to deficiency in-service<br/><br/>Courier Service—Deficiency in service<br/><br/>Educational Institutions—Deficiency in Service<br/><br/>Charging coaching fee in lump sum<br/><br/>Refund of Fees<br/><br/>Deficiency in service—Electricity cases<br/><br/>Deficiency in Service—Corporate Sector<br/><br/>Deficiency in service—Insurance claims<br/><br/>Deficiency in service—Supply of LPG Cylinder<br/><br/>Deficiency in service due to Medical negligence<br/><br/>Deficiency in Postal Service<br/><br/>Deficiency in Municipal Services<br/><br/>Deficiency in Service by Builders/Developers<br/><br/>Deficiency in service—Railways<br/><br/>Deficiency in Service—Use of unfair trade practices in Sale of Goods<br/><br/>Deficienty in service in Joy ride cases<br/><br/>Deficiency in Service by Builders and Development authorities<br/><br/>Drowning in Swimming Pool<br/><br/>Deficiency in Hire-Purchase Services<br/><br/>“Goods” [Section 2(21)]<br/><br/>Electricity and gas are covered within the meaning of the term goods<br/><br/>Commercial purpose distinguished from commercial use<br/><br/>Caveat emptor Rule<br/><br/>Conditions and Warranties<br/><br/>Price of Goods<br/><br/>Manufacturer [Section 2(24)]<br/><br/>‘Member’ [Section 2(27)]<br/><br/>National Commission [Section 2(29)]<br/><br/>Notification [Section 2(30)]<br/><br/>'Person’ [Section 2(31)]<br/><br/>‘Prescribed’ [Section 2(32)]<br/><br/>‘Regulations’ [Section 2(39)]<br/><br/>‘Restrictive trade practice’ [Section 2(41)]<br/><br/>‘Service’ [Section 2(42)]<br/><br/>Services rendered free of charge<br/><br/>Seivices rendered under ‘contract of personal service’<br/><br/>Contract of Service and Contract for service<br/><br/>Medical Services<br/><br/>Service rendered by Carrier<br/><br/>Banking service constituted ‘service’ within the ambit of Section 2(l)(o) of Consumer Protection Act<br/><br/>‘Education’ as service<br/><br/>Service—Builders, Developers, Housing Board etc.<br/><br/>Insurance Service<br/><br/>Telephone Service<br/><br/>Where there is no commitment to supply of Instrument with on-board laundry facility non-supply thereof will not amount to deficiency in service<br/><br/>Delay in supply of cement purchased from seller—Does it amount to deficiency in service ?<br/><br/>“Spurious goods” [Section 2(43)]<br/><br/>‘State Commission’ [Section 2(44)]<br/><br/>‘Trader’ [Section 2(45)]<br/><br/>‘Unfair trade practice’ [Section 2(47)]<br/><br/>Deceptive advertisement is an unfair trade practice<br/><br/>Special offer of 15 gms gold as gift for pruchaser of Maruti 800 car defaulted—It is a unfair trade practice<br/><br/>Chips found less in weight<br/><br/>Scratch and win scheme<br/><br/>Misleading Star Cruise advertisement<br/><br/> Admission of the Students without seeking affiliation from University<br/><br/>Defective functioning of mobile phone<br/><br/>CHAPTER II<br/><br/>CONSUMER PROTECTION COUNCILS<br/><br/>The Central Consumer Protection Council<br/><br/>4. Procedure for meetings of the Central Council<br/><br/>5. Object of the Central Council<br/><br/>6. State Consumer Protection Councils<br/><br/>7. Objects of the State Council<br/><br/>8. The District Consumer Protection Council<br/><br/>9. Objects of the District Council<br/><br/> <br/><br/>CHAPTER III<br/><br/>CENTRAL CONSUMER PROTECTION AUTHORITY<br/><br/>10. Establishment of Central Consumer Protection Authority<br/><br/>11. Qualifications, method of recruitment, etc., of Chief<br/><br/> Commissioner and Commissioners<br/><br/>12. Vacancy, etc., not to invalidate proceedings of Central Authority<br/><br/>13. Appointment of officers, experts, professionals and other employees of Central Authority<br/><br/>14. Procedure of Central Authority<br/><br/>15. Investigation Wing<br/><br/>16. Power of District Collector<br/><br/>17. Complaints to authorities<br/><br/>18 Powers and Functions of Central Authority<br/><br/>19 Power of Central Authority to refer matter for investigation or to other Regulator.<br/><br/>20. Power of Central Authority to recall goods etc.<br/><br/>21. Power of Central Authority to issue direction and penalties against false or misleading advertisements.<br/><br/> 22 Search and Seizure<br/><br/>23. Designation of any statutory authority or body to function as Central Authority<br/><br/>24. Appeal <br/><br/>25. Grants by Central Government<br/><br/>26. Accounts and audit<br/><br/>27. Furnishing of annual reports, etc.<br/><br/> <br/><br/>CHAPTER IV<br/><br/>CONSUMER DISPUTES REDRESSAL COMMISSION<br/><br/>Nature and Scope of Remedies/Reliefs available under the Act.<br/><br/>DISTRICT CONSUMER COMMISSION<br/><br/>28. Establishment of District Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission<br/><br/>29. Qualifications etc. of President and Members of District Commission<br/><br/>30. Salaries, allowances and other terms and conditions of service of President and Members of District Commission<br/><br/>31. Transitional Provisions<br/><br/>32. Vacancy in office of member of District Commission<br/><br/>33. Officers and other employees of District Commission<br/><br/>34. Jurisdiction of District Commission<br/><br/> Jurisdiction of the District Commission<br/><br/> Admissibility of the Complaint<br/><br/> Forum has no jurisdiction to order an inquiry into misconduct of opposite party<br/><br/> Power to review<br/><br/> Pecuniary Jurisdiction<br/><br/> Service Matters excluded from Commission’s jurisdiction<br/><br/> Misuse of jurisdiction<br/><br/> Fora’s have no Power to set aside its own ex-parte order<br/><br/> Forum’s jurisdiction is additional in nature<br/><br/>35. Manner in which complaint shall be made<br/><br/>36. Proceeding before District Commission<br/><br/>37. Reference to Mediation<br/><br/> Complainant to come before the Commission with clean hands<br/><br/> Evidence of Affidavit<br/><br/> District Commission to follow its own procedure<br/><br/> Forum cannot award both, compensation and interest at the same time <br/><br/> District Commission cannot bar right of party to appeal<br/><br/> Dismissal of Appeal in default not proper<br/><br/> Appeal against the order of District Commission<br/><br/>38. Procedure on admission of a complaint<br/><br/> Appointing Commissioner for local inspection etc.<br/><br/> Commission not to adjudicate when company is in the process of winding up<br/><br/> Maintainability of Second complaint to District Commission when first complaint is dismissed for default or non-prosecution<br/><br/>Consumer Commission have no power of review<br/><br/>Exclusion of Commission’s Jurisdiction<br/><br/>Overall effect of Section 38 of the Consumer Protection Act<br/><br/>39. Findings of the District Commission<br/><br/>40. Review by District Commission in certain cases<br/><br/>41. Appeal against Order of District Commission<br/><br/> Procedure for filing and hearing of appeal<br/><br/> Legality of requirement of depositing 50 per cent amount in the manner as may be prescribed<br/><br/> Limitation for filing Appeal<br/><br/> Maintainability of appeal<br/><br/> High Court not to act as Court of appeal in consumer cases<br/><br/>STATE CONSUMER COMMISSION<br/><br/>42. Establishment of State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission<br/><br/>43. Qualifications etc. of President and Members of State Commission<br/><br/>44. Salaries, allowances and other terms of Conditions of Service of President and members of State Commission etc.<br/><br/>45. Transitional Provision<br/><br/>46. Officers and employees of State Commission<br/><br/>47. Jurisdiction of State Commission<br/><br/>48. Transfer of cases<br/><br/>49. Procedure applicable to State Commission<br/><br/>50. Review by State Commission in Certain cases<br/><br/>51. Appeal to National Commission<br/><br/>52. Hearing of Appeal<br/><br/> Consultation when Chief Justice of High Court is an acting Chief Justice<br/><br/> Tenure<br/><br/> Removal<br/><br/> Jurisdiction of the Slate Commission<br/><br/> Original Jurisdiction<br/><br/> Appellate Jurisdiction of State Commission<br/><br/> Ex-parte decisions<br/><br/> Presence of appellant not mandatory<br/><br/> Restoration of appeal not permissible<br/><br/> Revision<br/><br/> Transfer of cases [Section 48]<br/><br/> Circuit Benches<br/><br/> Procedure applicable to State Commission<br/><br/> Validity of order passed by President of the State Commission sitting singly<br/><br/> Notice under Section 80 CPC not necessary<br/><br/> Cross-examination<br/><br/> Evidence by experts<br/><br/> Complaints involving determination of complicated question of fact and law not to be<br/><br/> entertained by Consumer Commission<br/><br/> Appeal Before the National Commission [Section 51]<br/><br/> Appeal against Preliminary order passed by State Commission not maintainable before the<br/><br/> National Commission<br/><br/> Delay not condoned<br/><br/> Speaking order<br/><br/> Maintainability of writ petition against order of State Commission<br/><br/>NATIONAL CONSUMER COMMISSION<br/><br/>53. National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC)<br/><br/>54. Composition of National Commission<br/><br/>55. Qualifications, etc. of President and Members of National Commission<br/><br/>56. Transitional Provisions<br/><br/>57. Other offficers and employees of National Commission<br/><br/>58. Jurisdiction of National Commission<br/><br/> Original Jurisdiction<br/><br/> Appellate Jurisdiction<br/><br/> Sitting of the National Commission & Signing of the order<br/><br/> Revisional Jurisdiction of the National Commission<br/><br/> Remand of cases<br/><br/> Review under Certain Cases [Section 60]<br/><br/>59. Procedure applicable to the National Commission<br/><br/> Procedure followed by the National Commission for disposal of<br/><br/> complaints<br/><br/> The Power of National Commission to grant relief includes power to<br/><br/> order certain thing to be done by the opposite party<br/><br/>60. Final Order of the National Commission<br/><br/>61. Power to set aside ex-parte orders<br/><br/>62. Transfer of cases<br/><br/> Circuit Benches of the National Commission<br/><br/>63. Vacancy in office of President of NCDRC<br/><br/>64. Vacanies or defects in appointment not to invalidate orders<br/><br/>65. Service of Notices, etc.<br/><br/>66. Experts to assist National Commission or State Commission<br/><br/>67. Appeal against order of National Commission<br/><br/>68. Finality of orders<br/><br/> Orders passed by FORA under the Consumer Protection Act are not<br/><br/> binding precedent<br/><br/>69. Limitation period<br/><br/>70. Administrative Control<br/><br/>71. Enforcement of orders of District Commission, State Commission and<br/><br/> National Commission<br/><br/> The Executing Court cannot go beyond decree<br/><br/> Dismissal of frivolous or vexatious complaints<br/><br/>72. Penalty for non-compliance of Order<br/><br/>73. Appeal against order passed under Section 72<br/><br/>MEDIATION<br/><br/>74. Establishment of Consumer Mediation Cell<br/><br/>75. Empanelment of Mediators<br/><br/>76. Nomination of mediators from the Panel<br/><br/>77. Duty of Mediator to Disclose Certain Facts<br/><br/>78. Replacement of Mediator in certain Cases<br/><br/>79. Procedure For Mediation<br/><br/>80. Settlement through mediation<br/><br/>81. Recording Settlement and Passing of order<br/><br/>PRODUCT LIABILITY<br/><br/>82. Application of the Chapter<br/><br/>83. Product Liability action<br/><br/>84. Liability of Product Manufacturer<br/><br/>85. Liability of Product service Provider<br/><br/>86. Liability of Product Sellers<br/><br/>87. Exceptions to Product Liability action<br/><br/> Definition of the term ‘Product’<br/><br/> Product liability<br/><br/> Position in India<br/><br/> <br/><br/>CHAPTER VII<br/><br/>OFFENCES AND PENALTIES<br/><br/>88. Punishment for non-compliance of direction of Central Authority<br/><br/>89. Punishment for false or misleading advertisement<br/><br/>90. Punishment for manufacturing for sale or storing, selling or<br/><br/> distributing or importing products containing adulterant<br/><br/>91. Punishment for manufacturing for sale or for storing or selling or<br/><br/> distributing or importing Spurrious goods<br/><br/>92. Cognizance of offence by Court<br/><br/>93. Vexatious Search<br/><br/>CHAPTER VII<br/><br/>OFFENCES AND PENALTIES<br/><br/>88. Punishment for non-compliance of direction of Central Authority<br/><br/>89. Punishment for false or misleading advertisement<br/><br/>90. Punishment for manufacturing for sale or storing, selling or<br/><br/> distributing or importing products containing adulterant<br/><br/>91. Punishment for manufacturing for sale or for storing or selling or<br/><br/> distributing or importing Spurrious goods<br/><br/>92. Cognizance of offence by Court<br/><br/>93. Vexatious Search<br/><br/>CHAPTER VIII<br/><br/>MISCELLANEOUS<br/><br/>94. Measures to prevent unfair trade prctices in e-commerce, direct selling<br/><br/> etc.<br/><br/>95. Presidents, members, Chief Commissioner, Commissioner and certain<br/><br/> other offficers to be Public servants<br/><br/>96. Compounding of offences<br/><br/>97. Manner of Crediting Penalty<br/><br/>98. Protection of action taken in good faith<br/><br/>99. Power to give directions by Central Government<br/><br/>100. Act not in derogation of any other law Section 100 provides<br/><br/> additional remedy<br/><br/>101. Power of the Central Government to make Rules<br/><br/>102. Power of the State Government to make Rules<br/><br/>103. Power of National Commission to make regulations<br/><br/>104. Power of Central Authority to make regulations<br/><br/>105. Rules and Regulations to be laid before each House of Parliament<br/><br/>106. Power to remove Difficulties<br/><br/>107. Repeal and Savings<br/><br/>APPENDIX<br/> |
